Differential colonization of microbial communities inhabiting Lede stone in the urban and rural environment

Schröer, Laurenz; Kock, Tim De; Cnudde, Veerle; Boon, Nico

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139339

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…By ensuring the locations are geographically distinct while maintaining a common climate and geochemistry, any species which were common to all samples would be regarded as the core microbiome for Lincolnshire limestone as opposed to being specific to one site. For example studies such as Schröer et al 25 , which looks at damaged Lede limestone in a Cfb climate, identified many species in common with this study such as A. agilis and A. tumbae which we are able to characterise as species common to both damaged and undamaged surfaces, as well as P. psychrosurans and C. flaccumfaciens, both of which have been demonstrated in this study to potentially enhance damage through high levels of biofilm formation. Differences between the species identified are therefore likely to relate to geochemistry of the stone 9 , 10 and pollution 27 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Several species, such as M. luteus, P. sp. 1105 and P. psychrodurans, while found on both surfaces, were significantly more likely to be isolated from damaged stone which is supported by their discovery on damaged surfaces in studies such as Flores et al 53 , Schröer et al 25 and De leo et al 29 . The data from this present analysis has been made available as supplementary data to support future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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A metagenomic analysis of the bacterial microbiome of limestone, and the role of associated biofilms in the biodeterioration of heritage stone surfaces

Skipper

Dixon

2022

Sci Rep

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There is growing concern surrounding the aesthetic and physical effects of microbial biofilms on heritage buildings and monuments. Carboniferous stones, such as limestone and marble, are soluble in weak acid solutions and therefore particularly vulnerable to biocorrosion. This paper aims to determine the differences and commonalities between the microbiome of physically damaged and undamaged Lincolnshire limestone, an area of research which has not been previously studied. A lack of information about the core microbiome has resulted in conflicting claims in the literature regarding the biodeteriorative potential of many microorganisms. To address this, we used metagenomics alongside traditional microbiological techniques to produce an in-depth analysis of differences between the bacterial microbiomes found on deteriorated and undamaged external limestone surfaces. We demonstrate there is a core microbiome on Lincolnshire limestone present on both damaged and undamaged surfaces. In addition to the core microbiome, significant differences were found between species isolated from undamaged compared to damaged surfaces. Isolated species were characterised for biofilm formation and biodeteriorative processes, resulting in the association of species with biodeterioration that had not been previously described. Additionally, we have identified a previously undescribed method of biofilm-associated biomechanical damage. This research adds significant new understanding to the field, aiding decision making in conservation of stone surfaces.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

A metagenomic analysis of the bacterial microbiome of limestone, and the role of associated biofilms in the biodeterioration of heritage stone surfaces

Skipper

Dixon

2022

Sci Rep

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“…2018). It is thus no surprising that stone communities yielded more diverse communities than soil and air and, indeed, its diversity indexes are also comparable with other subaerial biofilms growing on historical stones in temperate regions (Chimienti et al 2016;Li et al 2016;Schröer et al 2020). The bacterial communities in the three compartments are also different in terms of taxonomic composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

The tombstones at the Monumental Cemetery of Milano select for a specialized microbial community

Gambino

Lepri

Šťovíček

et al. 2021

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation

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Subaerial biofilms play a central role in the ecology and biodeterioration of many outdoor monuments and pieces of art. It is well established that microorganisms can face a broad range of stress by living in these subaerial environments, but their origin, taxa determinants and physiological traits are debated. Here, we hypothesized that the bacteria forming these biofilms originate from the surrounding air and soil and that the selective pressure of a life on rocks shapes the community. To verify this hypothesis, we studied the microbial communities of nine tombstones of the Monumental Cemetery of Milano, by collecting samples in three seasons. We analyzed the structure of these subaerial biofilms, compared them with the bacteria identified in the surrounding air and soil and found that only few rare taxa are shared among the three compartments and have been selected by the stone environment. In addition, we considered which parameters -among temperature, humidity, light, season and lithotype -concur to structure the microbial community.

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“…The effect was small but mostly in agreement with past work from stones and soils. Biofouling Schröer et al, 2020;Tescari et al, 2018) and colonize the inner pore space as well. Biofilms in the field are often not as dense as those cultured for these experiments.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of cyanobacterial biofilms on water transport and retention of natural building stones

Schröer

Kock

Godts

et al. 2022

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Water affects the susceptibility of stone to alteration by facilitating physical, chemical and biological weathering. Stone properties determine water transport and retention, but it is also expected that biofilms and extracellular polymeric substances could alter the water–stone relationship. A lot of research on this subject has been carried out on soils, but the effect on stones is understudied. For this reason, three sedimentary building stones, Ernzen, Euville and Savonnières, each with a different pore size distribution, were biofouled with cyanobacteria. Their relationship with the stone material was investigated by optical and electron microscopy, and the effect of cyanobacterial biofilms on water transport and retention was studied. The results showed that the cyanobacteria primarily colonize the building stones on the outer surface and have a limited effect on the water transport properties. They slightly reduced the capillary coefficient and drying rate of the stones, but enhanced the water content in the stone and increased water vapour sorption. They induced (near) hydrophobic conditions, but had no measurable effect on the gas permeability and water vapour diffusion. Moreover, swelling and shrinkage of the biofilms were observed, which could potentially induce physical weathering. It is expected that these changes could influence other forms of weathering, such as freeze–thaw weathering and salt weathering.

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Differential colonization of microbial communities inhabiting Lede stone in the urban and rural environment

Cited by 23 publications

References 80 publications

A metagenomic analysis of the bacterial microbiome of limestone, and the role of associated biofilms in the biodeterioration of heritage stone surfaces

A metagenomic analysis of the bacterial microbiome of limestone, and the role of associated biofilms in the biodeterioration of heritage stone surfaces

The tombstones at the Monumental Cemetery of Milano select for a specialized microbial community

The effects of cyanobacterial biofilms on water transport and retention of natural building stones

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