Differential Control of Responding Following Beak Injury

Auge, R. J.

doi:10.1007/bf03394082

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…(left) and in the other it was 30 (right). Breaks in the abscissas represent periods of interpolated multiple schedule training except in the case of SK64 (left) where the break represents the beak injury period (Auge, 1972 Normally, only one observing response occurred per component in the conditions where the SO remained on for 10 sec. This response occurred shortly after reinforcement and before responding on the food key had begun.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CONTEXT, OBSERVING BEHAVIOR, AND CONDITIONED REINFORCEMENT¹

Auge

1974

J Exper Analysis Behavior

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Pigeons made observing responses for stimuli signalling either a fixed-interval 30-sec schedule or a fixed-ratio x schedule, where x was either 20, 30, 100, 140, or 200 and the schedules alternated at random after reinforcement. If observing responses did not occur, food-producing responses occurred to a stimulus common to both reinforcement schedules. When the fixed-interval schedule was paired with a low-value fixed ratio, i.e., 20 or 30, the presentation of the stimulus reliably signalling the fixed-ratio schedule reinforced observing behavior, but the presentation of the stimulus reliably signalling the fixed-interval schedule did not. The converse was the case when the fixed-interval schedule was paired with a large-valued fixed ratio, i.e., 100, 140, or 200. The results demonstrated that the occasional presentation of the stimulus signalling the shorter interreinforcement interval was necessary for the maintenance of observing behavior. The reinforcement relationship was a function of the schedule context and was reversed by changing the context. Taken together, the results show that the establishment and measurement of conditioned reinforcement is dependent upon the context or environment in which stimuli reliably correlated with differential events occur.A conditioned reinforcer is a stimulus that has become effective as a reinforcer because it has signalled the availability of a primary reinforcer, i.e., a biologically important stimulus, or another conditioned reinforcer. A stimulus acquires conditioned reinforcing strength because of a specified experimental history of conditioning; in other words, through association with a primary reinforcer by a pairing or chaining operation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between the above two conditions, the birds were returned to the baseline (B) condition. SK64 injured its beak during the transition from the I condition to the B condition and was withdrawn from the experiment for approximately one week (Auge, 1972).…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%