2009
DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2009.52.7.705
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Differential Diagnosis and Management of Abnormal Posture of the Head and Neck

Abstract: A bnormal posture of the head and neck can happen to anybody from neonates to adults, which requires appropriate interventions according to etiologies. Congenital muscular torticollis is the most common cause of abnormal posture of the head and neck in infancy, where early intervention as soon as possible is critical for better therapeutic outcome. Childhood laterocollis is heterogeneous condition, which needs etiological diagnosis for the proper management. Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal d… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(21 citation statements)
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“…The cervicomandibular angle (CMA) was measured from AP plain radiographs of the cervical spine to evaluate lateral head tilt on the affected side of CMT due to tightness of the affected SCM [ 10 ] ( Fig. 2A ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The cervicomandibular angle (CMA) was measured from AP plain radiographs of the cervical spine to evaluate lateral head tilt on the affected side of CMT due to tightness of the affected SCM [ 10 ] ( Fig. 2A ).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Without adequate treatment, the limitation in the range of motion caused by persistent shortening of the SCM may lead to complications such as pain, spinal deformities, and craniofacial abnormalities [ 6 7 8 9 ]. Cervical scoliosis and lateral tilt of the head and neck are common spinal deformities in patients with CMT [ 5 , 6 , 10 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Contracture of the SCM muscle can persist despite physical therapy, with consequent craniofacial asymmetry, plagiocephaly, or scoliosis. In refractory cases, surgical intervention may also be indicated [ 4 5 6 7 8 9 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The ischemic hypothesis, which postulates that venous occlusion by intrauterine malposition produces focal hypoxic-ischemia in the SCM muscle, has not yet been clearly proven. The selective occurrence of CMT in SCM muscle among many other neck muscles has not yet been explained 12,14. Although diffuse proliferation of fibroblasts, fibrosis and atrophy of myocytes are histologically apparent in CMT, no histological differences associated with pathogenesis have been described.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%