Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease using spectrochemical analysis of blood

Paraskevaidi, Maria; Morais, Camilo L. M.; Lima, Kássio M. G.; Snowden, Julie S.; Saxon, Jennifer A.; Richardson, Anna; Jones, Matthew; Mann, David; Allsop, David; Martin‐Hirsch, Pierre L.; Martin, Francis

doi:10.1073/pnas.1701517114

Cited by 137 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Moreover, previous spectroscopic studies have successfully investigated ovarian tissue post-surgery and showed significant differences between normal and malignant cases [20][21][22]. However, the use of biological fluids, such as blood samples, are numerous: minimally-invasive collection, easier sample preparation and collection of serial samples from the same participants, just to name a few [23,24]. Raman spectroscopy investigates the phenomenon of inelastic light scattering that is caused after the interaction of light with matter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopic techniques to detect ovarian cancer biomarkers in blood plasma

Paraskevaidi

Ashton

Stringfellow

et al. 2018

Talanta

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Robust diagnosis of ovarian cancer is crucial to improve patient outcomes. The lack of a single and accurate diagnostic approach necessitates the advent of novel methods in the field. In the present study, two spectroscopic techniques, Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) using silver nanoparticles, have been employed to identify signatures linked to cancer in blood. Blood plasma samples were collected from 27 patients with ovarian cancer and 28 with benign gynecological conditions, the majority of which had a prolapse. Early ovarian cancer cases were also included in the cohort (n = 17). The derived information was processed to account for differences between cancerous and healthy individuals and a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was applied for classification. A subgroup analysis using CA-125 levels was also conducted to rule out that the observed segregation was due to CA-125 differences between patients and controls. Both techniques provided satisfactory diagnostic accuracy for the detection of ovarian cancer, with spontaneous Raman achieving 94% sensitivity and 96% specificity and SERS 87% sensitivity and 89% specificity. For early ovarian cancer, Raman achieved sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 97%, respectively, while SERS had 80% sensitivity and 94% specificity. Five spectral biomarkers were detected by both techniques and could be utilised as a panel of markers indicating carcinogenesis. CA-125 levels did not seem to undermine the high classification accuracies. This minimally invasive test may provide an alternative diagnostic and screening tool for ovarian cancer that is superior to other established blood-based biomarkers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman spectroscopic techniques to detect ovarian cancer biomarkers in blood plasma

Paraskevaidi

Ashton

Stringfellow

et al. 2018

Talanta

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“…To investigate the liver, spleen, lung and kidney further, IR was employed to interrogate these four tissues; significant post‐exposure alterations were again observed. IR spectra allowed an estimation of lipid/protein ratio (1740/1400 cm −1 ), C=O stretching/CH 2 methylene ratio (lipid oxidation level) (1745/1468 cm −1 ), amide I/amide II ratio (1655/1545 cm −1 ), α‐helix/β‐sheet ratio (1658/1635 cm −1 ) and CH 3 methyl/CH 2 methylene ratio (acetylation level) [(2960 + 2937 + 2874 cm −1 )/(2924 + 2853 cm −1 )] in tissue (Gautam et al, ; Mecozzi et al, ; Paraskevaidi et al, ; Zhang, Huang, Yan, Zhang, & Li, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to cadmium and mono‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate induce biochemical changes in rat liver, spleen, lung and kidney as determined by attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Zhu

Duan

et al. 2019

J of Applied Toxicology

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Attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy is a label‐free, non‐destructive analytical technique for biochemical analysis of macromolecular components within tissue samples. Cadmium (Cd) and mono‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), a primary metabolite of di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate, are present ubiquitously in the environment and in organisms, and have adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health. Herein we employed ATR‐FTIR analysis to identify biomolecular changes in rat liver, spleen, lung and kidney after prepubertal exposure to Cd and MEHP. Our results showed clear segregations between the 3 mg/kg Cd‐, 10 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg MEHP‐ and binary mixture‐treated groups vs. the solvent control group. Following principal components analysis coupled with linear discriminant analysis, biochemical alterations associated with different doses of Cd and MEHP were attributed mainly to lipids, proteins, phosphates and carbohydrates. In addition, the ratios of lipid/protein, C=O stretching/CH2 methylene (lipid oxidation level), amide I/amide II, α‐helix/β‐sheet and CH3 methyl/CH2 methylene (acetylation level) in target organs were affected by these toxicants. There seems to be no dose‐response effect of Cd and MEHP on target organs. We observed hardly any joint toxic action of these toxicants. This is the first study showing the application of ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy to the assessment of toxicity of Cd and MEHP. Possibly, destruction of cell membrane structure and integrity could be the common mechanism of Cd and MEHP toxicity in liver, spleen, lung and kidney.

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“…Among a broad range of neurodegenerative diseases, AD constitutes 60-70% of all types of dementia [15]. Of the world population, 26.6 million were affected by AD in 2006, but currently it is expected that the AD prevalence may quadruple by 2050; thus, 1 in 85 persons will suffer from AD [16].…”

Section: Alzheimer's Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The PERK-Dependent Molecular Mechanisms as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Rozpędek‐Kamińska

Siwecka

Wawrzynkiewicz

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Higher prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is strictly connected with progressive aging of the world population. Interestingly, a broad range of age-related, neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by a common pathological mechanism—accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins within the cells. Under certain circumstances, such protein aggregates may evoke endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions and subsequent activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling pathways via the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-dependent manner. Under mild to moderate ER stress, UPR has a pro-adaptive role. However, severe or long-termed ER stress conditions directly evoke shift of the UPR toward its pro-apoptotic branch, which is considered to be a possible cause of neurodegeneration. To this day, there is no effective cure for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), or prion disease. Currently available treatment approaches for these diseases are only symptomatic and cannot affect the disease progression. Treatment strategies, currently under detailed research, include inhibition of the PERK-dependent UPR signaling branches. The newest data have reported that the use of small-molecule inhibitors of the PERK-mediated signaling branches may contribute to the development of a novel, ground-breaking therapeutic approach for neurodegeneration. In this review, we critically describe all the aspects associated with such targeted therapy against neurodegenerative proteopathies.

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Differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease using spectrochemical analysis of blood

Cited by 137 publications

References 59 publications

Raman spectroscopic techniques to detect ovarian cancer biomarkers in blood plasma

Raman spectroscopic techniques to detect ovarian cancer biomarkers in blood plasma

Exposure to cadmium and mono‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate induce biochemical changes in rat liver, spleen, lung and kidney as determined by attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

The PERK-Dependent Molecular Mechanisms as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Diseases

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