Differential Diagnosis of Reading Disabilities

Do Cognitive Patterns of Strengths and Weaknesses Differentially Predict Errors on Reading, Writing, and Spelling?

“…Orthographic processing is defined as “the ability to form, store, and access orthographic representations” (Stanovich & West, 1989, p. 404). Although visual memory may contribute to orthographic processing, these are two distinct abilities (Aaron, 1994; Kilpatrick, 2015). McCallum et al (2006) found significant correlations between orthographic awareness and both reading and spelling ability across a sample of typically developing school-age children.…”

How Should Reading Disabilities Be Operationalized? A Survey of Practicing School Psychologists

“…Many such definitions have been proposed (for a list and critique see Scruggs & Mastropieri, 2002) as alternatives to an IQ‐achievement discrepancy model of RD identification. Some have proposed a method using a discrepancy between reading comprehension and listening comprehension (Aaron, 1995; Stanovich, 1991). Others have suggested simply looking at reading achievement levels, either in comparison to age or grade levels (Lyon & Fletcher, 2001; Siegel, 1989) or by using a standard score cutoff (e.g., standard score = 90, Fletcher et al, 1994; standard score = 85, Dombrowski, Kamphaus, & Reynolds, 2004).…”

Using Multisensory Phonics to Foster Reading Skills of Adolescent Delinquents

“…Spelling and Reading With Riggs (McCulloch, 1995), the program used in the current study, is a multisensory phonics-based program to remediate reading difficulties in poor readers. This program is based on the OrtonGillingham approach, which has been found to be effective (see, e.g., Joshi et al, 2002;Ritchey & Goeke, 2006), and the Writing Road to Reading program (Spalding & Spalding, 1990), which has also been shown to be effective (Aaron, 1995;Bitter & White, 2010). We chose this program over other programs because it was inexpensive, required no formal teacher training, and could be administered in flexible short-term interventions.…”