Differential dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation during a verbal n-back task according to sensory modality

Rodríguez‐Jiménez, Roberto; Ávila, César; García-Navarro, Cristina; Bagney, Alexandra; Aragón, Ana Martínez de; Ventura‐Campos, Noelia; Martínez-Gras, Isabel; Forn, Cristina; Ponce, G.; Rubio, Gabriel; Jiménez‐Arriero, Miguel Ángel; Palomo, Tomás

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.08.022

Cited by 54 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Additionally, WM cognitive strategies during N-back performance may be modality specific by age and level of WM load. It has been shown that there are different, as well as overlapping regions of activation when comparing auditory to visual WM tasks (Rodriguez-Jimenez et al, 2009). Although our N-back task stimulus is presented as a string of consonants, we don’t see a verbal WM association until the 2-back load in survivors ≥ 15 years old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of the N-back task in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Luxton

Brinkman

Kimberg

et al. 2014

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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The N-back task is often used in functional brain imaging studies to activate working memory networks; however, limited information is available on its association to clinical outcomes in children or cancer survivors. One hundred thirty-seven survivors of ALL (mean [SD] current age = 14.3 [4.8] years; time since diagnosis = 7.6 [1.6] years) completed the N-back task and comprehensive neurocognitive testing, including standardized measures of attention, processing speed, and working memory. Results indicated females demonstrated significantly slower reaction times (0-back p=0.02; 1-back p=0.03) compared to males. Survivors < 15 years old at the time of testing demonstrated a significant decrease in accuracy as working memory load increased compared to survivors ≥ 15 years old (p<0.001). Performance on the N-back task was associated with nonverbal working memory (rs=0.56, p<0.001) in survivors ≥ 15 years of age. For younger survivors, N-Back performance was more strongly associated with attention skills. Results suggest the N-back assesses different cognitive constructs at younger compared to older childhood ages. These age differences should be considered in interpreting functional brain imaging results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of the N-back task in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Luxton

Brinkman

Kimberg

et al. 2014

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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“…Because the DLPFC, and cingulate are important for verbal working memory functions in n-back tasks (Owen et al, 2005; Rodriguez-Jimenez et al, 2009), weaker brain response observed in these regions may suggest the VWM 2-back condition was more taxing for FHP youth than for their FHN peers. This idea is supported by the simple effects analysis, which indicated that in three of four areas of group difference in the frontal lobe, FHN youth showed significantly greater brain response in VWM versus vigilance, while FHP youth showed no difference in brain activity between these conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atypical frontal lobe activity during verbal working memory in youth with a family history of alcoholism

Cservenka¹,

Herting²,

Nagel³

2012

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Abnormal brain functioning during verbal working memory tasks has been shown in individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Since adolescents with a familial history of alcoholism (FHP) are at high risk for developing an AUD, it is important to consider whether atypical brain activity during verbal working memory may help to explain FHP vulnerability toward developing alcoholism. Methods To that end, using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined brain response during a verbal working memory 2-back task in 19 FHP adolescents and 16 age and gender-matched family history negative (FHN) controls. Results Despite no group differences in task accuracy, FHP youth had significantly slower average reaction time when making correct responses during the 2-back condition than FHN youth. In contrast to a vigilance control condition, while covarying for reaction time, FHP adolescents showed less activation during verbal working memory than FHN youth in multiple areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) – a brain region crucial to intact working memory skills. Conclusions These results suggest that even prior to heavy alcohol use, FHP adolescents show atypical executive brain functioning during verbal working memory, and that these differences are independent of slower working memory reaction time in FHP youth. Given the importance of working memory in numerous areas of day-to-day functioning, such as adaptive decision-making, these abnormalities may contribute to FHP youth vulnerability toward developing AUDs.

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“…When the task evolves and new items are presented, the subjects have to update the memorised string of n most recent items: they need to unbind the oldest item and bind the most recent one to a position in working memory. To correctly perform the n-back task participants have to hold and manipulate information between trials, hence strongly relying on executive control functions located in the prefrontal cortex (Kane, Conway, Miura, & Colflesh, 2007;Owen et al, 2005;Rodriguez-Jimenez et al, 2009). In this experiment the dual-task procedure required participants not only to respond to different stimuli (auditory and visual, as in Experiment 1) but also to maintain and update information from trial to trial.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A conflict monitoring account of the control mechanisms involved in dual-tasking

Olszanowski

Bajo

Szmalec

2015

Journal of Cognitive Psychology

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Differential dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation during a verbal n-back task according to sensory modality

Cited by 54 publications

References 26 publications

Utility of the N-back task in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Utility of the N-back task in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Atypical frontal lobe activity during verbal working memory in youth with a family history of alcoholism

A conflict monitoring account of the control mechanisms involved in dual-tasking

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