Differential durability of immune responses to measles and mumps following MMR vaccination

Kennedy, Richard B.; Ovsyannikova, Inna G.; Thomas, Antonia; Larrabee, Beth R.; Rubin, Steven A.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.02.030

Cited by 51 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Also, our results showed a similar distribution of anti-measles IgG among different age groups as shown by Ristic et al [13]. Here, we observed the same trend of decreasing measles-specific IgG titer over time from vaccination, as reported by Kennedy et al [7]; however, there was a longer time between possible vaccination and serological test in our study (up to 40 vs. 17 years). Our results are consistent with those obtained by Coppeta et al who showed that total seropositivity reached 87% in a group of adult hospital employees, with the highest ratio in a group of patients not vaccinated in childhood (born before 1982) and lowest in the group born in 1992-1999 [1].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Measles virus infection causes life-long protective immunity, while two doses of MMR vaccine should also provide appropriate immunization [3]. However, there are some reports suggesting that the immune response to measles following MMR vaccination provides less-sufficient immunization and that the amount of specific anti-measles immune antibodies (IgG class) decreases over time [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against measles in a selected Polish population – do we need to be re-vaccinated?

Holka

Pawlak

Ciepiela

2019

cejoi

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Introduction: Measles is highly contagious, but preventable viral disease. Its outbreaks appear all over the world, and decreasing herd immunity excludes its elimination. High levels of IgG antibodies against a virus efficiently protects against infection. Aim of this study: To assess the seroprevalence of anti-measles IgG in the serum of patients at different age levels tested for measles IgG at our laboratory. Material and methods: The study was conducted from March to June of 2019. Retrospective analysis included results for measles-specific IgG from 364 tested patients. The age of enrolled subjects ranged from four months to 101 years, with a median age of 46, and a mean age of 43 ±18. Quantification of anti-measles IgG was performed using indirect chemiluminescence immunoassays on the DiaSorin Liaison® automated analyzer. Results: Our results showed a seropositivity ratio of 78.02%. The lowest number of seropositive subjects was in the group of infants (0-1 years old), with a ratio of 53.85%, and the group of adults of 19-38 years old at 55.68%. The group of the oldest patients (70-101 years old) had the highest ratio of seropositive subjects (100%), while adults of 60-69 years old had a seropositivity ratio of 97.22%. Conclusions: These data suggest that the group of young adults who were vaccinated with one or two doses of MMR vaccine in childhood are the most susceptible for infection, and when working in contact with other people, should be re-vaccinated for protection against measles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against measles in a selected Polish population – do we need to be re-vaccinated?

Holka

Pawlak

Ciepiela

2019

cejoi

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“…We noted that 23% of the subjects who received two doses of measles vaccine did not show IgG response, similarly to those receiving only one dose of vaccine (25%) (Figure 1). This percentage appeared higher than that reported by other authors [17,20,32,33], thus, it is advisable to monitor the immune status of vaccines 10-15 years since vaccination, in order to evaluate the immune protection against measles and, eventually, implement a possible prophylactic Vaccines 2020, 8, 66 9 of 12 measure. On the other hand, a long-term high rate of seropositivity persisted after natural infection; indeed, subjects enrolled in this study who reported measles infection history were all seropositive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Since previous studies reported that the measles protective antibody titer was decreasing over time after the administration of the second dose of MMR vaccine [17][18][19][20][21], our aim was to evaluate this phenomenon in our cohort. The vaccinated subjects (110) were divided into three groups, on the basis of the time elapsed since the administration of the second dose of vaccine: eleven years (35 subjects), 12-14 years (39 subjects) and ≥15 years (36 subjects).…”

Section: Decline Of Neutralizing Ab Titersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epidemiologic studies have shown that the level of functional neutralizing antibodies at the time of exposure to the wild-type (WT) virus during a measles outbreak is a good correlate of protection from infection, with higher titers needed to prevent infection rather than to prevent the disease [16]. According to literature, levels of anti-measles antibodies tend to decline over the life course, as demonstrated by measuring the level of measles neutralizing antibodies in the subjects' sera at different times after vaccination [17][18][19][20]. Moreover, this phenomenon appears to occur faster following vaccination rather than after naturally acquired infection [21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroprevalence to Measles Virus after Vaccination or Natural Infection in an Adult Population, in Italy

et al. 2020

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An increase in measles cases worldwide, with outbreaks, has been registered in the last few years, despite the availability of a safe and highly efficacious vaccine. In addition to an inadequate vaccination coverage, even in high-income European countries studies proved that some vaccinated people were also found seronegative years after vaccination, thus increasing the number of people susceptible to measles infection. In this study, we evaluated the immunization status and the seroprevalence of measles antibodies among 1092 healthy adults, either vaccinated or naturally infected, in order to investigate the persistence of anti-measles IgG. Among subjects who received two doses of measles vaccine, the neutralizing antibody titer tended to decline over time. In addition, data collected from a neutralization assay performed on 110 healthy vaccinated subjects suggested an inverse correlation between neutralizing antibody titers and the time elapsed between the two vaccinations, with a significant decline in the neutralizing titer when the interval between the two doses was ≥11 years. On the basis of these results, monitoring the serological status of the population 10-12 years after vaccination could be important both to limit the number of people who are potentially susceptible to measles, despite the high efficacy of MMR vaccine, and to recommend a booster vaccine for the seronegatives.

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Seronegative Vaccinees May Not Benefit From Multiple Booster Doses of MMR Vaccine in Restoring Immunity

Anichini,

Terrosi,

Alessandri

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Despite the availability of a highly efficacious vaccine, a global resurgence of measles infections has occurred, largely due to decreased vaccination coverage and waning immunity following the two‐dose vaccination schedule. This study aims to assess the cellular immune response in individuals who did not respond to the two‐dose MMR vaccine and evaluate the efficacy and durability of immune responses after booster doses. An observational study was conducted involving 24 individuals who were seronegative for measles years after completing the two‐dose MMR vaccine schedule. Of these, 11 seroconverted after a single booster dose, while 13 required an additional booster. Antibody levels were monitored 1 and 3 years post‐booster. Cellular immune responses were evaluated in 10 nonresponders by in vitro stimulation of PBMCs with UV‐inactivated measles virus. In nonresponders, measles virus stimulation did not induce significant alterations in T, B, or NK cell populations, indicating a lack of measles‐specific immune memory. However, stimulation with rubella induced a significant immune response. Booster doses in subjects with waning antibodies resulted in low IgG titers, which significantly declined over 3 years. Neutralizing antibody titers were also low for both double and single booster recipients. This study highlights the limited long‐term efficacy of booster doses in individuals with waning immunity or nonresponsiveness to the measles vaccine. Current vaccination strategies relying on booster doses may not be sufficient for sustained protection in these individuals. Improving vaccine formulations to elicit stronger and longer‐lasting immunity is essential for effective measles control and elimination.

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Differential durability of immune responses to measles and mumps following MMR vaccination

Cited by 51 publications

References 40 publications

Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against measles in a selected Polish population – do we need to be re-vaccinated?

Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against measles in a selected Polish population – do we need to be re-vaccinated?

Seroprevalence to Measles Virus after Vaccination or Natural Infection in an Adult Population, in Italy

Seronegative Vaccinees May Not Benefit From Multiple Booster Doses of MMR Vaccine in Restoring Immunity

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