Differential Dynamic Programming Based Home Energy Management Scheduler

Distributed load scheduling in residential neighborhoods for coordinated operation of multiple home energy management systems

“…where 𝐻 is the total number of homes connected to the network and 𝐷 ̃ℎ,𝑡 is the average net demand for each home ℎ at time t obtained from the historical data (consumption and PV generation) analysis [27]; 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠 ̃𝑡 is the total active losses of the network lines at time t obtained from the load flow program; 𝑃 𝑡 𝐷𝐺 is the available power from the distributed energy resources owned by the DNO.…”

“…Then, the total hourly consumptions of the home are sent back to the DNO. The HEMS model developed in [27] is considered here, which is explained briefly in Appendix A.…”

“…Line current constraints are included in (10) obtained from the load flow program using the forward-backward sweep method [29]. Constraint (11) and ℳ ℎ,𝑡 characterizes all the operational constraints of devices inside the home which are defined in detail in Appendix A [27]. They include desired operating period, length of operation and power consumption of appliances and (dis)charging limits of the BESS.…”

“…By employing the auxiliary variables 𝐿 ̂ℎ,𝑡 , the equivalent objective function is obtained as in (27).…”

“…The optimization problem of the DNO is a non-linear programming (NLP) model which is solved in MATLAB using "fmincon" solver. For the customer optimization problem which is a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model, the proposed HEMS model in [27] has been used. 5 Numerical Simulations…”