Differential Effect of Race, Education, Gender, and Language Discrimination on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Reynolds, Donna; Walker, Rebekah J.; Campbell, Jennifer A.; Egede, Leonard E.

doi:10.1089/dia.2014.0285

Cited by 25 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Significantly fewer women achieved target hba1c levels of less than 8% compared to men. It further was found in this current study that gender was significantly associated with poor glycemic control although it contrasted with other studies that showed no significant association [28]. Other comorbidities (on other medication) was found to be significantly associated with glycemic control which was in line with the study by [29].…”

Section: Factors Associated With Glycemic Controlsupporting

confidence: 88%

Factors Associated With Glycemic Control among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Attending Mathari National Teaching Hospital, Nairobi Kenya

Nduati¹

2016

JED

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin secretion, insulin action, or both and accounts for over 95% cases globally. Uncontrolled diabetes may result to complications (retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy leading to amputations, stroke, heart attack and sexual dysfunction), glycated hemoglobin below 7.0% is recommended for good prognosis.The study determined factors associated with glycemic control, among T2DM patient attending Mathari National and Referral Hospital Nairobi, Kenya.

show abstract

Section: Factors Associated With Glycemic Controlsupporting

confidence: 88%

Factors Associated With Glycemic Control among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Attending Mathari National Teaching Hospital, Nairobi Kenya

Nduati¹

2016

JED

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(59) Another study suggested lifetime discrimination was associated with medical care delays and nonadherence, (60) a possible contributor to racial disparities in health, in general, and CKD progression in particular. Similarly, education-related discrimination was linked to poorer glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients(61), while gender discrimination among women was linked to non-adherence to mammography services. (30) Among CKD patients, lifetime discrimination was associated with lower odds of desiring a kidney transplant, suggesting that patients with significant prior exposure to discrimination do not want to risk new treatment situations, such as transplantation, because they have a lower expectation of successful outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Discrimination and Longitudinal Change in Kidney Function Among Urban Adults

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective Perceived discrimination has been associated with psychosocial distress and adverse health outcomes. We examined associations of perceived discrimination measures with changes in kidney function in a prospective cohort study, the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the LifeSpan. Methods Our study included 1,620 participants with preserved baseline kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 ml/min/1.73m2) (662 Whites and 958 African-Americans (AA), aged 30–64 years). Self-reported perceived racial discrimination (PRD) and perceived gender discrimination (PGD) and a general measure of experience of discrimination (EOD) [“Medium vs. low”, “High vs. low”] were examined in relation to baseline, follow-up and annual rate of change in eGFR using multiple mixed-effects regression (γbase, γrate) and OLS models (γfollow). Results Perceived gender discrimination “High vs. Low PGD” was associated with a lower baseline eGFR in all models (γbase=−3.51(1.34), p=0.009 for total sample). Among White women, High EOD was associated with lower baseline eGFR, an effect that was strengthened in the full model (γbase=−5.86(2.52), p=0.020). Overall, “High vs. Low” PGD was associated with lower follow-up eGFR (γfollow=−3.03(1.45), p=0.036). Among AA women, both PRD and PGD were linked to lower follow-up kidney function, an effect that was attenuated with covariate adjustment, indicating mediation through health-related, psychosocial and lifestyle factors. In contrast, EOD was not linked to follow-up eGFR in any of the sex by race groups. Conclusions Perceived racial and gender discrimination are associated with poor kidney function assessed by glomerular filtration rate and the strength of associations differ by sex and race groups. Perceived discrimination deserves further investigation in psychsocial risk factors for kidney disease.

show abstract

“…(56) When considering perceived discrimination based on race, level of education, gender, and language, only discrimination based on education remained statistically significant after adjustment for other types. (57)…”

Section: Neighborhood Factors and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Race, Ethnicity and Social Determinants of Health on Diabetes Outcomes

Walker

Williams

Egede

2016

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences

Self Cite

352

202

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is strong evidence that race/ethnicity and social determinants of health significantly impact outcomes for patients with diabetes. A better understanding of the mechanisms of these relationships/associations will improve development of cost-effective, culturally tailored programs for patients with diabetes. This article reviews the current state of the literature on the impact of race/ethnicity and social determinants of health on process of care, quality of care and outcomes for diabetes, with particular emphasis on the rural South to give an overview of the state of the literature. The literature review shows that racial/ethnic differences in the clinical outcomes for diabetes, including glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid control, continue to persist. In addition, the literature review shows that the role of social determinants of health on outcomes, and the possible role these determinants play in disparities have largely been ignored. Psychosocial factors, such as self-efficacy, depression, social support, and perceived stress, show consistent associations with self-care, quality of life, and glycemic control. Neighborhood factors, such as food insecurity, social cohesion, and neighborhood aesthetics have been associated with glycemic control. Perceived discrimination has also been associated with self-care and the psychological component of quality of life. Health care professionals need to be skilled in assessing social determinants of health and taking them into consideration in clinical care. In addition, more research is needed to identify the separate and combined impact of race/ethnicity and social determinants of health on process of care, quality of care and outcomes in diabetes, especially in the South, where the burden of disease is particularly high.

show abstract

Differential Effect of Race, Education, Gender, and Language Discrimination on Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Factors Associated With Glycemic Control among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Attending Mathari National Teaching Hospital, Nairobi Kenya

Factors Associated With Glycemic Control among Type 2 Diabetes Patients Attending Mathari National Teaching Hospital, Nairobi Kenya

Perceived Discrimination and Longitudinal Change in Kidney Function Among Urban Adults

Influence of Race, Ethnicity and Social Determinants of Health on Diabetes Outcomes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About