Differential Effect of Water-Soluble Chitin on Collagen Synthesis of Human Bone Marrow Stem Cells and Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells

Abstract

Human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) represent a promising regenerative material because of their mutipotency, including their ability to regenerate collagenous soft tissues. We previously found that water-soluble chitin (WSC) enhances the ability of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) to synthesize collagen tissue. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of WSC on hBMSCs and hPDLSCs for the collagen synthesis both in vitro and in vivo. hBMSCs and hPDLSCs were isolated and expanded with or without 0.3 mg/mL WSC. A series of in vitro and in vivo analyses were performed to evaluate their characteristics as stem cell populations. Then, collagen and hydroxyproline assays were conducted using both in vitro and in vivo assay models, and the real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the expression of collagen-related markers. WSC-treated and nontreated hBMSCs and hPDLSCs were transplanted into immunocompromised mice, and histology and immunohistochemistry analyses were conducted after 8 weeks. The in vitro results showed that those cells possessed the characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. The amount of soluble collagen synthesized was significantly greater in WSC-treated hBMSCs than in the nontreated group; conversely, treatment of hPDLSCs with WSC decreased the formation of soluble collagen. The amount of insoluble collagen synthesized was greater in the WSC-treated groups than in the nontreated groups for both hBMSCs and hPDLSCs. The hydroxyproline contents of the regenerated soluble and insoluble collagens were similar. The expressions of mRNA for collagen types I-V, hyaluronic acid synthase 1 (HAS1), HAS2, and HAS3, and the LOX family were higher in WSC-treated hPDLSCs than in the nontreated group, whereas WSC increased the expression of collagen type III and decreased that of collagen type I in hBMSCs. The histology and immunohistochemistry results revealed that WSC significantly increased the amount of collagen formed in vivo by both types of stem cells. Collectively, treatment with WSC significantly enhanced the collagen-forming potentials of hBMSCs and hPDLSCs, but the collagen they produced exhibited distinctively different characteristics. These findings suggest that the appropriate stem-cell source should be chosen based on the purpose of the required regenerated tissue.

Transgenic expression of ephrinB2 in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) modulates osteogenic differentiation via signaling crosstalk between ephrinB2 and EphB4 in PDLSCs and between PDLSCs and pre‐osteoblasts within co‐culture

“…The expression of DSPP, a specific marker of odontogenic differentiation, indicated that the transgenic PDLSCs retained their odontogenic differentiation potential under osteoinductive conditions . Eph/ephrins are known to be involved in osteochondral differentiation of MSCs, and overexpression of ephrinB2 has been shown to enhance osteogenesis of human MSCs . The enhancement of mineralized matrix formation by PDLSCs overexpressing ephrinB2 required intimate cell contact to activate ephrinB2 interaction with EphB4 or EphB2, as reported previously for osteoblasts .…”

“…Treatment of PDLSCs with water‐soluble chitin increased insoluble collagen formation, which may generate more mature and stable collagen fibrils. By contrast, subjecting bone marrow‐derived MSCs to the same treatment significantly enhanced the formation of both soluble and insoluble collagen . Differences in the phenotypes and functionality of different MSC types will have a profound impact on tissue regeneration.…”

Autogenous Mesenchymal Stem Cells from the Vertebral Body Enhance Intervertebral Disc Regeneration via Paracrine Interaction: An in Vitro Pilot Study

“…Fresh human BM was harvested from the VB adjacent to the degenerative IVD tissue in the same subject during orthopedic surgery (Naeun Hospital, Suwon, Korea), using the same protocol as in our previous studies 35,36 . The patients provided informed consent for their tissue to be used in accordance with guidelines approved by the IRB of the College of Dentistry at Yonsei University (IRB No.…”

Mechanical stretching promotes the differentiation of BMSC into pelvic floor ligament fibroblasts

“…Elastin damage may occur under the conditions of the excess mechanical and thermal forces that occur in several diseases, such as PFD. LOX is involved in the initiation of collagen synthesis and elastin cross-linkage, and it ensures that tropoelastin molecules remain highly crosslinked to one another, thus performing an indispensable role in the construction of connective tissue [29]. Yamamoto et al [30] reported that the elastin expression level in the uterus was closely associated with POP, and the gene and protein levels of elastin were significantly decreased in the POP group compared with the control group.…”