Differential Effects of Acute Alcohol on Prepulse Inhibition and Event‐Related Potentials in Adolescent and Adult Wistar Rats

Pian, Jerry P.; Criado, José R.; Ehlers, Cindy L.

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00794.x

Cited by 16 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…In rats, descending projections from limbic circuitry (e.g., CeA and bed nucleus of stria terminalis) to the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (Koch, 1999) modulate the startle response under specific testing conditions, and CRF signaling is thought to be particularly important in these descending projections (Davis et al, 2010; Walker et al, 2009). Because alcohol-dependent and alcohol-preferring rodents consume high quantities of alcohol (e.g., Bell et al, 2006; Gilpin et al, 2009) and exhibit increased startle reactivity (Chester et al, 2005; Chester et al, 2004), while acute alcohol reduces startle reactivity (Brunell and Spear, 2006; Pian et al, 2008), our results suggest that stress-induced escalation of alcohol drinking may be driven by the ability of alcohol to dampen stress-induced hyperarousal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Predator odor stress alters corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptor (CRF1R)-dependent behaviors in rats

et al. 2014

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Humans with stress-related anxiety disorders exhibit increases in arousal and alcohol drinking, as well as altered pain processing. Our lab has developed a predator odor stress model that produces reliable and lasting increases in alcohol drinking. Here, we utilize this predator odor stress model to examine stress-induced increases in arousal, nociceptive processing, and alcohol self-administration by rats, and also to determine the effects of corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptors (CRF1Rs) in mediating these behavioral changes. In a series of separate experiments, rats were exposed to predator odor stress, then tested over subsequent days for thermal nociception in the Hargreaves test, acoustic startle reactivity, or operant alcohol self-administration. In each experiment, rats were systemically injected with R121919, a CRF1R antagonist, and/or vehicle. Predator odor stress increased thermal nociception (i.e., hyperalgesia) and acoustic startle reactivity. Systemic administration of R121919 reduced thermal nociception and hyperarousal in stressed rats but not unstressed controls, and reduced operant alcohol responding over days. Stressed rats exhibited increased sensitivity to the behavioral effects of R121919 in all three tests, suggesting up-regulation of brain CRF1Rs number and/or function in stressed rats. These results suggest that post-stress alcohol drinking may be driven by a high-nociception high-arousal state, and that brain CRF1R signaling mediates these stress effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Predator odor stress alters corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptor (CRF1R)-dependent behaviors in rats

et al. 2014

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“…It has been shown that adolescent rats are less sensitive than adult rats to the effects of alcohol administration on a number of measures of level of response to intoxication (Doremus et al, 2003; Ehlers et al, 2014; Pian et al, 2008; Silveri and Spear, 1998, 2000; Varlinskaya and Spear, 2004). It also appears that adolescent rats are more insensitive to the aversive properties of ethanol that elicit conditioned taste aversion as compared to adults (Anderson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, it has been shown that adolescent rats often voluntarily consume 2 to 3 times more ethanol than adult rats (Brunell and Spear, 2005; Doremus et al, 2005; Vetter et al, 2007). Adolescent rats are less sensitive than adult rats to the effects of alcohol administration on a number of behavioral and electrophysiological measures (Doremus et al, 2003; Ehlers et al, 2014; Pian et al, 2008; Silveri and Spear, 1998, 2000; Varlinskaya and Spear, 2004). Adolescent rats are also more insensitive to the aversive properties of ethanol that elicit conditioned taste aversion as compared to adults (Anderson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between a History of Binge Drinking During Adolescence and Self-Reported Responses to Alcohol in Young Adult Native and Mexican Americans

Ehlers

Stouffer

Gilder

2014

Alcohol Clin Exp Res

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BACKGROUND Binge drinking during adolescence is common and may predict increased drinking in young adulthood and enhanced risk for alcohol dependence. Variation in level of response to the hedonic and adverse effects of alcohol is in part an inherited factor that may also influence its use, abuse and dependence. The present study investigated, in young adults, whether an association could be demonstrated between variation in self-reported responses to alcohol and a history of binge drinking during adolescence. METHODS Young adult (18–30 yrs, n=790) Native Americans and Mexican Americans were recruited from the community and completed a structured diagnostic interview. Response to alcohol was indexed using the expectation version of the Subjective High Assessment Scale (SHAS-E). An adolescent history of regular binge drinking was defined as drinking 5 or more drinks for boys and 4 or more drinks for girls per drinking occasion at least once a month during their highest drinking period prior to the age of 18. RESULTS An adolescent history of regular binge drinking was found to be associated with a lower level of self-reported responses to the negative aspects of alcohol intoxication (feeling terrible) as well as to the overall level of intoxication, but not to the positive impressions of intoxication (feeling great) on the SHAS-E. A history of regular adolescent binge drinking was also correlated with less feelings of the “terrible” and “total” effects of alcohol, as indexed by the SHAS-E, in a linear regression model that included several diagnostic and demographic variables such as a history of conduct disorder and current levels of drinking. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that a history of adolescent binge drinking is associated with a reduction in the self-reported level of intoxication in young adulthood, a factor that could theoretically lead to increased risk for alcohol dependence.

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“…Adolescent rats display greater tolerance to the sedative effects of acute ethanol administration than adult rats, and regain consciousness at higher blood alcohol levels (Pian et al, 2008b; Silveri and Spear, 1998). For adult rats exposed to CIE during adolescence, the adolescent phenotype of reduced sensitivity to ethanol has been shown to be “retained” in behavioral measures (Slawecki, 2002; White et al, 2000 a,b), electrophysiological measures in the hippocampus (Fleming et al, 2012, 2013; Slawecki, 2002), and in the cortex (Ehlers et al, 2013c, 2014; Slawecki, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogeny and adolescent alcohol exposure in Wistar rats: open field conflict, light/dark box and forced swim test

Desikan

Wills

Ehlers

2014

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that heavy drinking and alcohol abuse and dependence peak during the transition between late adolescence and early adulthood. Studies in animal models have demonstrated that alcohol exposure during adolescence can cause a modification in some aspects of behavioral development, causing the “adolescent phenotype” to be retained into adulthood. However, the “adolescent phenotype” has not been studied for a number of behavioral tests. The objective of the present study was to investigate the ontogeny of behaviors over adolescence/young adulthood in the light/dark box, open field conflict and forced swim test in male Wistar rats. These data were compared to previously published data from rats that received intermittent alcohol vapor exposure during adolescence (AIE) to test whether they retained the “adolescent phenotype” in these behavioral tests. Three age groups of rats were tested (post-natal day (PD) 34–42; PD55-63; PD69-77). In the light/dark box test, younger rats escaped the light box faster than older adults, whereas AIE rats returned to the light box faster and exhibited more rears in the light than controls. In the open field conflict test, both younger and AIE rats had shorter times to first enter the center, spent more time in the center of the field, were closer to the food, and consumed more food than controls. In the forced swim test no clear developmental pattern emerged. The results of the light/dark box and the forced swim test do not support the hypothesis that adolescent ethanol vapor exposure can “lock-in” all adolescent phenotypes. However, data from the open field conflict test suggest that the adolescent and the AIE rats both engaged in more “disinhibited” and food motivated behaviors. These data suggest that, in some behavioral tests, AIE may result in a similar form of behavioral disinhibition to what is seen in adolescence.

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Differential Effects of Acute Alcohol on Prepulse Inhibition and Event‐Related Potentials in Adolescent and Adult Wistar Rats

Cited by 16 publications

References 93 publications

Predator odor stress alters corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptor (CRF1R)-dependent behaviors in rats

Predator odor stress alters corticotropin-releasing factor-1 receptor (CRF1R)-dependent behaviors in rats

Associations Between a History of Binge Drinking During Adolescence and Self-Reported Responses to Alcohol in Young Adult Native and Mexican Americans

Ontogeny and adolescent alcohol exposure in Wistar rats: open field conflict, light/dark box and forced swim test

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