Differential effects of androgens on cortical bone histomorphometry in gonadectomized male and female rats

Turner, Russell T.; Wakley, Glenn K.; Hannon, Kathleen S.

doi:10.1002/jor.1100080418

Cited by 222 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Ovariectomy studies in young animals have reported similar increases in medullary area and increased endocortical bone resorption [6]. However, a significant increase in total area or periosteal perimeter in the G-ST group did not result from decreased estradiol levels as has been reported in previous studies [7]. The age at which estradiol levels are suppressed may have an effect on the resultant periosteal expansion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…On the structural level, cortical width is established during puberty in females by endosteal apposition. Low estrogen levels during growth may result in a thinner cortex if the increased endosteal resorption [6] is not offset by an increased periosteal apposition [7]. The relative cellular activity on these bone surfaces affects bone size, a critical element of bone strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-term delay of puberty causes a transient reduction in bone strength in growing female rats

Yingling

Khaneja

2006

Bone

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Multiple factors affect the structural development of the skeleton; in particular, estrogen levels during growth are an important factor in the pathogenesis of bone fragility. The delay of menarche and infrequent menstrual cycles decrease estrogen levels during adolescence and decrease peak bone mass. The aim of this study was to determine if delayed puberty through administration of a GnRH antagonist initiated prior to the onset of the first estrus cycle would delay the increase in estrogen levels and impede bone strength development in female rats. Twenty-three-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four groups; 1) short-term control group (C-ST) (n = 12), 2) long-term control (C-LT) (n = 12), 3) short-term GnRH antagonist group (G-ST) (n = 12) and 4) long-term GnRH antagonist group (G-LT) (n = 12). Injections (0.2 ml) of either saline or GnRH antagonist (100 μg/day) (Cetrotide ™ , Serono, Inc) were given intraperitoneally for a duration of 18 days. Pubertal and gonadal development was retarded as indicated by a delay in vaginal opening (an indicator of pubertal onset), lower ovarian and uterine weights and lower estradiol levels in the short-term experimental animals (G-ST). However, at maturity (G-LT), there were no significant differences found in these measures. A delay in the timing of puberty significantly attenuated the development of femoral bone strength at 6 weeks of age. Peak moment, yield moment and stiffness in the G-ST group were all significantly less than the C-ST group. Cortical width was significantly attenuated due to the increased percentage of marrow area per total bone area in the G-ST group. However, femoral bone strength was recovered at maturity (G-LT). In summary, a transient delay in pubertal timing has short-term effects on bone strength development. In the current animal model of delaying puberty through GnRH antagonist injections, there appears to be no long-term effects on bone strength.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term delay of puberty causes a transient reduction in bone strength in growing female rats

Yingling

Khaneja

2006

Bone

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“…17 Animal studies support a positive effect of androgens and a negative effect of estrogens on periosteal bone formation rates. 132 At puberty in males, the periosteum expands due to androgen action with little change in the endocortical (medullary diameter), so that cortical width increases. At puberty in females, the periosteal expansion ceases.…”

Section: Figure 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED: The periosteum

Augustin¹,

Antabak²,

Davila³

2007

Injury

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“…Factors influencing cell phenotype include sex steroids [41,43], endogenous growth factors [26,45] and mechanical loading environment in vivo [27,42], and isolation [30], culture methods [8,13,20,31,37] and the donor site [14] in vitro. Lim [24] identified potential precursor populations within periosteal cultures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Periosteum Is a Source of Cells for Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering: A Pilot Study

Ball

Bonzani

Bovis

et al. 2011

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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Background Periosteal cells are important in embryogenesis, fracture healing, and cartilage repair and could provide cells for osteochondral tissue engineering. Questions/purpose We determined whether a population of cells isolated from human periosteal tissue contains cells with a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) phenotype and whether these cells can be expanded in culture and used to form tissue in vitro. Methods We obtained periosteal tissue from six patients. Initial expression of cell surface markers was assessed using flow cytometry. Cells were cultured over 10 generations and changes in gene expression evaluated to assess phenotypic stability. Phenotype was confirmed using flow cytometry and colony-forming ability assays. Mineral formation was assessed by culturing Stro-1 À and unsorted cells with osteogenic supplements. Three cell culture samples were used for a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, four for flow cytometry, three for colony-forming assay, and three for mineralization. Results Primary cultures, containing large numbers of hematopoietic cells were replaced initially by Stro-1 and ALP-expressing immature osteoblastic cell types and later by ALP-expressing cells, which lacked Stro-1 and which became the predominant cell population during subculture.

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Differential effects of androgens on cortical bone histomorphometry in gonadectomized male and female rats

Cited by 222 publications

References 20 publications

Short-term delay of puberty causes a transient reduction in bone strength in growing female rats

Short-term delay of puberty causes a transient reduction in bone strength in growing female rats

RETRACTED: The periosteum

Human Periosteum Is a Source of Cells for Orthopaedic Tissue Engineering: A Pilot Study

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