Differential effects of chloral hydrate- and ketamine/xylazine-induced anesthesia by the s.c. route

Rodrigues, S.; Oliveira, Maria Aparecida de; Martins, Joilson O.; Sannomiya, Paulina; Tostes, Rita C.; Nigro, Dorothy; Carvalho, Maria Helena Catelli de; Fortes, Zuleica Bruno

doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2006.05.019

Cited by 50 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The damaged area at 1 week was the only index used for the comparison of the effects of myelotomy at different time points in their study, while both the behavioral and histological changes at 6 weeks after SCI were observed in our study. Recovery from anesthesia in chloral-hydrate-anesthetized animals was slow, and a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was of a high magnitude; 23,24 therefore, it is possible that the shorter anesthesia interval between contusion and myelotomy in 8 h-MTG may lead to decreased systematic blood pressure. Decreased blood pressure leads to decreased blood supply of the spinal cord, and therefore deteriorates ischemia/hypoxia after acute SCI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal time window of myelotomy in rats with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: a preliminary study

et al. 2013

Spinal Cord

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Objectives: Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying spinal cord injury (SCI) partially involve edema and formation of a hematoma. Myelotomy seems to be a promising intervention. However, the appropriate timing of myelotomy is still unknown in SCI. Here we aimed to determine the timing of microsurgical myelotomy in an animal model of SCI. Methods: The SCI model was contusion-induced with a new york university impactor. Sixty-five adult female rats were randomly divided into the following groups: laminectomy alone (the 'sham group', SG), laminectomy plus contusion (the 'contusion group', CG) or laminectomy plus contusion followed by myelotomy at 8, 24 or 48 h (8 h-MTG [myelotomy-treated group], 24 h-MTG or 48 h-MTG). Functional recovery was evaluated via the open field test and the inclined plane test every week after SCI. The percentage of spared white matter area (SWMA) and ultrastructure characteristics of the injured dorsolateral spinal cord were determined on the 42nd day after SCI. Results: Compared with the CG, myelotomy at 8 h-MTG or 24 h-MTG greatly improved the BASSO-BEATTIE-BRESNAHAN scores (Po0.008), whereas the 48 h-MTG showed less efficacy (P ¼ 0.023). All myelotomy groups showed higher mean angle values in an inclined plane test (Po0.005) and had greater percentages of SWMA than the CG. Rats in the 24 h-MTG showed a higher intraaxonal fraction and myelin fraction than those in 48 h-MTG (Po0.005). Conclusion: Myelotomy up to 48 h after SCI improves recovery in rats. The potential time window of myelotomy may be between 8 and 24 h after SCI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal time window of myelotomy in rats with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: a preliminary study

et al. 2013

Spinal Cord

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“…2005; Rodrigues et al. 2006; Zuurbier et al. 2014), but anesthesia is still used for OGTTs (Pacini et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2005; Rodrigues et al. 2006); (3) the volatile agent isoflurane increases BG and some have noted a decrease in insulin concentration (Pomplun et al. 2004; Saha et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of anesthesia dramatically alters the oral glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in C57Bl/6 mice

2016

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Evaluation of the impact of anesthesia on oral glucose tolerance in mice. Anesthesia is often used when performing OGTT in mice to avoid the stress of gavage and blood sampling, although anesthesia may influence gastrointestinal motility, blood glucose, and plasma insulin dynamics. C57Bl/6 mice were anesthetized using the following commonly used regimens: (1) hypnorm/midazolam repetitive or single injection; (2) ketamine/xylazine; (3) isoflurane; (4) pentobarbital; and (5) A saline injected, nonanesthetized group. Oral glucose was administered at time 0 min and blood glucose measured in the time frame −15 to +150 min. Plasma insulin concentration was measured at time 0 and 20 min. All four anesthetic regimens resulted in impaired glucose tolerance compared to saline/no anesthesia. (1) hypnorm/midazolam increased insulin concentrations and caused an altered glucose tolerance; (2) ketamine/xylazine lowered insulin responses and resulted in severe hyperglycemia throughout the experiment; (3) isoflurane did not only alter the insulin secretion but also resulted in severe hyperglycemia; (4) pentobarbital resulted in both increased insulin secretion and impaired glucose tolerance. All four anesthetic regimens altered the oral glucose tolerance, and we conclude that anesthesia should not be used when performing metabolic studies in mice.

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“…Despite noradrenaline promoting vasoconstriction, this effect was reduced in the KX-anesthetized rats. It occurred independent of the NO release reduction that it promoted by ketamine [36] . The data of the research suggest that administration of KX in BDL rats partially restored the hyperemic gastric response to topical ethanol administration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Ketamine also induces changes in GBF. Rodrigues et al [36] (2006) demonstrated that KX anesthesia reduced the constrictor effect of noradrenaline in mesenteric arterioles when compared to chloral hydrate anesthesia. The reduction may be explained by a direct effect of ketamine on vascular smooth muscle cells causing relaxation [37,38] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of anesthetics on gastric damage using two models of portal hypertension

Câmara

Moi²,

Ferraz³

et al. 2010

WJGPT

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AIM:To investigate the effect of sodium pentobarbitone (SP) or ketamine/xylazine (KX) anesthetics on acute gastric injury. METHODS:Portal hypertension was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) or portal vein stenosis (PVS). Ethanol (EtOH)-induced gastric damage was assessed using ex vivo gastric chamber experiments. Gastric blood flow (GBF) was also measured by laser doppler flowmetry. RESULTS:EtOH-induced gastric damage was reduced in BDL rats under KX anesthesia in comparison to those under SP anesthesia. GBF dysfunction in fasted BDL rats was partially restored under KX anesthesia. In contrast, in fasted PVS rats, EtOH-induced gastric damage was increased under KX anesthesia while GBF was reduced. CONCLUSION:The use of KX anesthesia in experimental procedures involving cirrhotic rats (but not those with pure portal hypertension) is preferable to SP anesthesia. Câmara PRS, Moi GP, Ferraz JGP, Zeitune JMR. Effect of anes thetics on gastric damage using two models of portal hyperten sion.

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Differential effects of chloral hydrate- and ketamine/xylazine-induced anesthesia by the s.c. route

Cited by 50 publications

References 43 publications

Optimal time window of myelotomy in rats with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: a preliminary study

Optimal time window of myelotomy in rats with acute traumatic spinal cord injury: a preliminary study

Use of anesthesia dramatically alters the oral glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in C57Bl/6 mice

Effect of anesthetics on gastric damage using two models of portal hypertension

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