Differential effects of cocaine and ketamine on time estimation: Implications for neurobiological models of interval timing

Cheng, Ruey‐Kuang; MacDonald, Christopher J.; Meck, Warren H.

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.07.019

Cited by 123 publications

(110 citation statements)

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“…3). This is unusual because previous studies have shown that a reduction in DRL efficiency is usually accompanied by an increase in burst responding, a pattern that can be induced by administration of psychostimulants (e.g., Cheng et al 2006a). The prevailing explanations for this pattern of responding are either that these drugs accelerated the speed of an internal clock and/or increased impulsivity, which in turn would decrease response efficiency (e.g., Meck 1996;Wiley et al 2000;McAuley et al 2006;Matell and Portugal 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The P-value was set at 0.05 for all statistical analyses. Finally, we used a sliding time-window method to determine the peak time of the IRT distribution for each rat as a function of sessions as previously described (e.g., Cheng et al 2006a). This method of identifying the peak time allowed us to infer when rats maximally expected reinforcement to occur.…”

Section: Data/statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modified response efficiency is de-fined as the ratio between reinforcement rate and overall response rate after the subtraction of burst responses-defined by lever presses with an inter-response time (IRT) <2 sec. Burst responding was excluded in determining the modified response efficiency, because previous studies have suggested that these rapid responses are more related to behavioral inhibition and emotional reactivity (e.g., frustration, impulsivity, and the failure of self-control) than to timing or temporal memory per se (e.g., Wiley et al 2000;Cheng et al 2006a). Therefore, it seems reasonable to dissociate burst responding from response efficiency and to treat both measures independently when evaluating performance on DRL schedules.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Prenatal choline supplementation alters the timing, emotion, and memory performance (TEMP) of adult male and female rats as indexed by differential reinforcement of low-rate schedule behavior

Cheng¹,

MacDonald²,

Williams³

et al. 2008

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Choline availability in the maternal diet has a lasting effect on brain and behavior of the offspring. To further delineate the impact of early nutritional status, we examined effects of prenatal-choline supplementation on timing, emotion, and memory performance of adult male and female rats. Rats that were given sufficient choline (CON: 1.1 g/kg) or supplemental choline (SUP: 5.0 g/kg) during embryonic days (ED) 12-17 were trained with a differential reinforcement of low-rate (DRL) schedule that was gradually transitioned through 5-, 10-, 18-, 36-, and 72-sec criterion times. We observed that SUP-females emitted more reinforced responses than CON-females, which were more efficient than both groups of males. In addition, SUP-males and SUP-females exhibited a reduction in burst responding (response latencies <2 sec) compared with both groups of CON rats. Furthermore, despite a reduced level of burst responding, the SUP-males made more nonreinforced responses prior to the DRL criterion as a result of maintaining the previous DRL criterion following transition to a new criterion. In summary, long-lasting effects of prenatal-choline supplementation were exhibited by reduced frustrative DRL responding in conjunction with the persistence of temporal memory in SUP-males and enhanced temporal exploration and response efficiency in SUP-females.Choline is an essential nutrient for the regulation of cell signaling, methyl metabolism, and acetylcholine synthesis in both the infant and adult (Zeisel and Niculescu 2006). It has been found that when choline is administered at levels higher than normal to pregnant rats during embryonic days (ED) 12-17, the adult offspring showed enhanced spatial and temporal memory (Meck and Williams 2003). Specifically, rats given this prenatal-choline supplementation made fewer errors when tested on a radial-arm maze (Meck et al. , 1989Meck and Williams 1999) and are able to chunk more information in spatial memory that helps them identify multiple-reward baiting patterns (Dallal and Meck 1990;Meck and Williams 1997b). Similarly, when challenged with tasks that require the ability to remember durations in the seconds-to-minutes range, prenatal choline-supplemented rats produced more precise timing functions and are better able to time multiple durations simultaneously compared with control rats (Meck and Williams 1997a,c;Cheng et al. 2006b). The prenatal availability of choline also modifies the development of the cholinergic system (e.g., Meck et al. 1989;Williams et al. 1998;Cermak et al. 1999;Montoya et al. 2000;Mellott et al. 2004) and alters indices of hippocampal plasticity (e.g., Pyapali et al. 1998;Glenn et al. 2007). Together, these findings indicate that prenatal-choline supplementation can induce profound changes in brain function that lead to increased memory capacity and precision in adult offspring. In the present study, the potential benefits of prenatal-choline supplementation were further investigated by using differential reinforcement of low-rate (DRL) schedules to study th...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Data/statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prenatal choline supplementation alters the timing, emotion, and memory performance (TEMP) of adult male and female rats as indexed by differential reinforcement of low-rate schedule behavior

Cheng¹,

MacDonald²,

Williams³

et al. 2008

Learn. Mem.

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“…Moreover, pharmacological tests using dopamine D1/D5 and D2/D3 receptor agonists show that the lack of d-opioid receptors in the Oprd1 2/2 mice modifies the D1/D5-nigral/D2/D3-pallidal balance in the striatum in favour of the nigral output [1]. Hence, the facilitated acquisition of striataldependent tasks observed in Oprd1 2/2 mice is likely the result of potentiated dopaminergic/glutaminergic activity in striatonigral pathways-possibly involving striatal cholinergic interneurons [13,84,90,91]. As a consequence, the inclusion of the Oprd1 2/2 mice in this study strengthens the argument for hippocampal-striatal interactions as the source of the proportional leftward shifts produced by DH lesions.…”

Section: Discussion (A) Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampal Lesions Differmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of interval timing behaviour in mice following dorsal or ventral hippocampal lesions with mice having δ -opioid receptor gene deletion

Yin

Meck

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Mice with cytotoxic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus (DH) underestimated 15 s and 45 s target durations in a bi-peak procedure as evidenced by proportional leftward shifts of the peak functions that emerged during training as a result of decreases in both ‘start’ and ‘stop’ times. In contrast, mice with lesions of the ventral hippocampus (VH) displayed rightward shifts that were immediately present and were largely limited to increases in the ‘stop’ time for the 45 s target duration. Moreover, the effects of the DH lesions were congruent with the scalar property of interval timing in that the 15 s and 45 s functions superimposed when plotted on a relative timescale, whereas the effects of the VH lesions violated the scalar property. Mice with DH lesions also showed enhanced reversal learning in comparison to control and VH lesioned mice. These results are compared with the timing distortions observed in mice lacking δ -opioid receptors (Oprd1 −/− ) which were similar to mice with DH lesions. Taken together, these results suggest a balance between hippocampal–striatal interactions for interval timing and demonstrate possible functional dissociations along the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus in terms of motivation, timed response thresholds and encoding in temporal memory.

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“…Psychoactive drugs that alter dopamine neurotransmission can also change the perception of time [39] in a manner that can be characterized as a change in the speed of a hypothetical internal clock. That is, immediately following systemic injections of dopaminergic agonists, the speed of the internal clock is relatively faster, thus leading to the experience of a longer subjective time for a given objective time [40]. In contrast, when synaptic dopamine levels are low, the speed of the internal clock is relatively slower and time seems to drag [41].…”

Section: Zebrafish Neuromodulatory Systems (A) Dopaminementioning

confidence: 99%

Zebrafish forebrain and temporal conditioning

Cheng

Jesuthasan

Penney

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The rise of zebrafish as a neuroscience research model organism, in conjunction with recent progress in single-cell resolution whole-brain imaging of larval zebrafish, opens a new window of opportunity for research on interval timing. In this article, we review zebrafish neuroanatomy and neuromodulatory systems, with particular focus on identifying homologies between the zebrafish forebrain and the mammalian forebrain. The neuroanatomical and neurochemical basis of interval timing is summarized with emphasis on the potential of using zebrafish to reveal the neural circuits for interval timing. The behavioural repertoire of larval zebrafish is reviewed and we demonstrate that larval zebrafish are capable of expecting a stimulus at a precise time point with minimal training. In conclusion, we propose that interval timing research using zebrafish and whole-brain calcium imaging at single-cell resolution will contribute to our understanding of how timing and time perception originate in the vertebrate brain from the level of single cells to circuits.

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Differential effects of cocaine and ketamine on time estimation: Implications for neurobiological models of interval timing

Cited by 123 publications

References 103 publications

Prenatal choline supplementation alters the timing, emotion, and memory performance (TEMP) of adult male and female rats as indexed by differential reinforcement of low-rate schedule behavior

Prenatal choline supplementation alters the timing, emotion, and memory performance (TEMP) of adult male and female rats as indexed by differential reinforcement of low-rate schedule behavior

Comparison of interval timing behaviour in mice following dorsal or ventral hippocampal lesions with mice having δ -opioid receptor gene deletion

Zebrafish forebrain and temporal conditioning

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