Differential effects of dietary supplements on metabolomic profile of smokers versus non-smokers

Abstract

BackgroundCigarette smoking is well-known to associate with accelerated skin aging as well as cardiovascular disease and lung cancer, in large part due to oxidative stress. Because metabolites are downstream of genetic variation, as well as transcriptional changes and post-translational modifications of proteins, they are the most proximal reporters of disease states or reversal of disease states.MethodsIn this study, we explore the potential effects of commonly available oral supplements (containing antioxidants, vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids) on the metabolomes of smokers (n = 11) compared to non-smokers (n = 17). At baseline and after 12 weeks of supplementation, metabolomic analysis was performed on serum by liquid and gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy (LC-MS and GC-MS). Furthermore, clinical parameters of skin aging, including cutometry as assessed by three dermatologist raters blinded to subjects' age and smoking status, were measured.ResultsLong-chain fatty acids, including palmitate and oleate, decreased in smokers by 0.76-fold (P = 0.0045) and 0.72-fold (P = 0.0112), respectively. These changes were not observed in non-smokers. Furthermore, age and smoking status showed increased glow (P = 0.004) and a decrease in fine wrinkling (P = 0.038). Cutometry showed an increase in skin elasticity in smokers (P = 0.049) but not in non-smokers. Complexion analysis software (VISIA) revealed decreases in the number of ultraviolet spots (P = 0.031), and cutometry showed increased elasticity (P = 0.05) in smokers but not non-smokers.ConclusionsAdditional future work may shed light on the specific mechanisms by which long-chain fatty acids can lead to increased glow, improved elasticity measures and decreased fine wrinkling in smokers' skin. Our study provides a novel, medicine-focused application of available metabolomic technology to identify changes in sera of human subjects with oxidative stress, and suggests that oral supplementation (in particular, commonly available antioxidants, vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids) affects these individuals in a way that is unique (compared to non-smokers) on a broad level.

Effect of smoking reduction and cessation on the plasma levels of the oxidative stress biomarker glutathione – Post-hoc analysis of data from a smoking cessation trial

“…Vitamin C supplementation was also effective at reducing levels of lipid peroxidation byproducts in smokers’ urine [36]. Using a metabolic approach, antioxidant supplementation in smokers was found to alter lipid profiles in plasma in a manner consistent with reductions in oxidative stress [37]. However, disease outcome antioxidant clinical trials have provided less-than enthusiastic results and the ability of oral antioxidants to be absorbed and effectively reach target organs remains an area of active investigation [38].…”

Clinical-instrumental and morphological evaluation of the effect of autologous dermal fibroblasts administration

“…Dynamics of skin texture changes and number of wrinkles was evaluated with photometric system VISIA TM Facial Complexion Analysis System, Ver.4.0c (Canfield Scientific Inc., Fairfield, NJ, USA) and Visia 5.2 software (Spitale et al ., ).…”

“…In the studies, ‘biological elasticity’ (parameter R2; Spitale et al ., ) – the ratio between residual deformation and maximal range of skin deformation – was used to evaluate skin elasticity (Draaijers et al ., ).…”

The relationship between omega-3 and smoking habit: a cross-sectional study

“…The omega-3 fatty acids are important components of cell membranes and have a role in numerous human metabolic processes [ 1 ]. These substances may contribute to the prevention and treatment of neurological [ 2 , 3 ] and cardiovascular diseases [ 4 – 6 ], many chronic inflammatory and respiratory diseases [ 7 – 10 ], several of which are also linked to tobacco smoking [ 11 – 13 ].…”