Differential Effects of GM1 Ganglioside Treatment on Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Content in the Rat Septum and Hippocampus After Partial Interruption of Their Connections

In the present study we investigated the microglial and astroglial response after trimethyltin (TMT) exposure over a prolonged period of time. Male Wistar rats were given a single dose of TMT (8 mg/kg, i.p.) and survived 4, 7, 21, 60 and 180 days after the administration of the toxin. Histochemistry (Griffonia simplicifolia lectin staining) and immunocytochemistry for GFAP were applied to identify micro- and astroglial cells, respectively. To assess the trophic response of glial cells (NGF and TrkA expression), single or double staining experiments were performed. In addition, the biochemical evaluation of GFAP and NGF were carried out at chosen timepoints using immunoblotting technique and ELISA, respectively. The main findings of our study were as follows. (1) A protracted activation of microglia (at least up to 2 months posttreatment). (2) A long-lasting expression of GFAP immunoreactivity (at least up to 6 months posttreatment) and a steady increase in GFAP content (at least up to 2 months posttreatment). (3) The appearance of enormously enlarged, round-shape astrocytes exclusively localized to CA1 and observed 2 months posttreatment. (4) The stimulation of NGF and TrkA expression in reactive astrocytes. (5) The strongest activation of micro- and astroglia coincided with the most prominent neurodegeneration in the hippocampus, i.e., in CA4/CA3c and CA1. It is tempting to assume that the activation of glial cells in the hippocampal areas particularly vulnerable to TMT may affect neuronal fate after neurotoxic insult.

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“…Electrophoresis and immunoblotting were essentially performed according to Hozumi et al [19] as described in detail previously [36].…”

Section: Gfap Immunoblottingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term microglial and astroglial activation in the hippocampus of trimethyltin‐intoxicated rat: stimulation of NGF and TrkA immunoreactivities in astroglia but not in microglia

Koczyk

Oderfeld-Nowak

2000

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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“…Ganglioside shows potential therapeutic efficacy in brain injury induced by ischemic stroke or trauma (Leon et al, 1990;Merlo Pich et al, 1992). It is also reported that GM1 has a great effect on the suppression of gliosis in hippocampus (Oderfeld-Nowak et al, 1993;Jeglinski et al, 1996). Here we report that the combination of hUCMSC transplantation with GM1 administration promoted significantly better behavioral recovery following HIE than did cell transplantation alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on neonatal rat hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy

Zhang

et al. 2013

J of Neuroscience Research

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The therapeutic potential of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells has been studied in several diseases. However, the possibility that human umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) can be used to treat neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) has not yet been investigated. This study focuses on the potential therapeutic effect of hUCMSC transplantation in a rat model of HIE. Dermal fibroblasts served as cell controls. HIE was induced in neonatal rats aged 7 days. hUCMSCs labeled with Dil were then transplanted into the models 24 hr or 72 hr post-HIE through the peritoneal cavity or the jugular vein. Behavioral testing revealed that hUCMSC transplantation but not the dermal fibroblast improved significantly the locomotor function vs. vehicle controls. Animals receiving cell grafts 24 hr after surgery showed a more significant improvement than at 72 hr. More hUCMSCs homed to the ischemic frontal cortex following intravenous administration than after intraperitoneal injection. Differentiation of engrafted cells into neurons was observed in and around the infarct region. Gliosis in ischemic regions was significantly reduced after hUCMSC transplantation. Administration of ganglioside (GM1) enhanced the behavioral recovery on the base of hUCMSC treatment. These results demonstrate that intravenous transplantation of hUCMSCs at an early stage after HIE can improve the behavior of hypoxic-ischemic rats and decrease gliosis. Ganglioside treatment further enhanced the recovery of neurological function following hUCMSC transplantation.

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Bilateral gliosis in unilaterally lesioned septohippocampal system: Changes in GFAP immunoreactivity and content

Jegliński

Koczyk

Zaremba

et al. 1995

J of Neuroscience Research

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Unilateral damage to the lateral fimbria led to a bilateral gliosis in the septum and hippocampus. The gliosis was manifested by an increase in GFAP staining, accompanied by an increased number of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)(+) cells and GFAP content; the latter however was not visible in the contralateral septum. In general, the contralateral reaction appeared weaker than the ipsilateral one. The pattern of contralateral increase in GFAP-immunoreactivity (IR) matched almost exactly that observed on the ipsilateral side in the hippocampus (the most evident increase was seen in the oriens and pyramidal layers of cornu Ammonis 3 and in polymorphic area of gyrus dentatus). In the septum the bilateral increase in GFAP-IR was mainly visible in the dorsolateral quadrant of the structure; however in the ipsilateral side it spread over the whole half of the structure. The astrocytic responses in the septum and hippocampus were not equivalent: they differed mainly with regard to the increase of GFAP(+) cells (over 300% of control in the anterior part of the septum and only about 120% in the dorsal hippocampus). The differences between the percentage increases of other gliotic indices: GFAP-IR and GFAP content. Various possibilities that may account for the occurrence of contralateral gliosis are discussed, the most plausible being the contribution of interhemispheric and intraseptal links and the action of some diffusible agents. We suggest that bilateral gliosis may have an impact on compensatory postlesion processes, possibly by providing trophic support to impaired neurons.

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Differential Effects of GM1 Ganglioside Treatment on Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Content in the Rat Septum and Hippocampus After Partial Interruption of Their Connections

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Long‐term microglial and astroglial activation in the hippocampus of trimethyltin‐intoxicated rat: stimulation of NGF and TrkA immunoreactivities in astroglia but not in microglia

Long‐term microglial and astroglial activation in the hippocampus of trimethyltin‐intoxicated rat: stimulation of NGF and TrkA immunoreactivities in astroglia but not in microglia

Therapeutic effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on neonatal rat hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy

Bilateral gliosis in unilaterally lesioned septohippocampal system: Changes in GFAP immunoreactivity and content

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