Differential Effects of High-fat and High-carbohydrate Content Isoenergetic Meals on Plasma Active Ghrelin Concentrations in Lean and Obese Women

Tentolouris, Nicholas; Kokkinos, Alexander; Tsigos, Constantine; Kyriaki, Despina; Doupis, John; Sa, Raptis; Katsilambros, Nicholas

doi:10.1055/s-2004-825761

Cited by 55 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Obese individuals have lower fasting ghrelin levels than lean individuals and reduced suppression of ghrelin secretion after a meal (193 -196) . A fatrich meal has a smaller suppressive effect on plasma ghrelin concentration than a carbohydrate-rich meal regardless of obesity status (197) . So far, no effect of dietary fatty acid profile on total ghrelin levels has been reported (177,198) .…”

Section: Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-fat diet-induced obesity in animal models

2010

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Epidemiological studies have shown a positive relationship between dietary fat intake and obesity. Since rats and mice show a similar relationship, they are considered an appropriate model for studying dietary obesity. The present paper describes the history of using high-fat diets to induce obesity in animals, aims to clarify the consequences of changing the amount and type of dietary fats on weight gain, body composition and adipose tissue cellularity, and explores the contribution of genetics and sex, as well as the biochemical basis and the roles of hormones such as leptin, insulin and ghrelin in animal models of dietary obesity. The major factors that contribute to dietary obesity -hyperphagia, energy density and post-ingestive effects of the dietary fat -are discussed. Other factors that affect dietary obesity including feeding rhythmicity, social factors and stress are highlighted. Finally, we comment on the reversibility of high-fat diet-induced obesity.

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Section: Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-fat diet-induced obesity in animal models

2010

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“…Circulating total and acylated ghrelin levels are reduced in obesity (22)(23)(24) and metabolic syndrome (25,26), and among obese subjects, the total plasma ghrelin concentrations have been reported to be lower in insulin-resistant patients (27), but the results have been variable and conflicting in different studies (28)(29)(30). The lower levels of ghrelin were associated with higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, with progressively lower levels as the number of components of the metabolic syndrome increased (31,32), and others showed associations between acylated ghrelin and serum insulin and insulin resistance (33).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of ghrelin gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma ghrelin concentrations in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Mager

Kolehmainen

Mello

et al. 2008

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: We examined the expression of ghrelin and ghrelin receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and evaluated the effect of weight loss or exercise on plasma ghrelin concentrations in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Design and methods: Data from 75 overweight/obese subjects randomized to a weight loss, aerobic exercise, resistance exercise or control group for a 33-week intervention period were analysed. The plasma ghrelin concentrations and indices of insulin and glucose metabolism were assessed, and mRNA expression of ghrelin, its receptors and various cytokines in PBMCs was studied using real-time PCR. Results: Ghrelin and GH secretagogue receptor 1b were expressed in PBMCs of subjects with metabolic syndrome. Ghrelin gene expression correlated positively with the expressions of tumour necrosis factor-a (P!0.001), interleukin-1b (P!0.001) and interleukin-6 (PZ0.026) during the study, but was not associated with the plasma ghrelin concentration. Genotype-specific ghrelin gene expression in PBMCs was found for the K604G/A and the K501A/C polymorphisms in the ghrelin gene. At baseline, the plasma ghrelin levels were associated with fasting serum insulin concentrations, insulin sensitivity index and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, longitudinally weight, BMI or waist circumference and acute insulin response in i.v. glucose tolerance test were stronger predictors of the ghrelin concentration. Plasma ghrelin did not change over the study period in the weight reduction group, but it tended to decrease in the control group (PZ0.050). Conclusions: Ghrelin mRNA expression in PBMCs suggests an autocrine role for ghrelin within an immune microenvironment. Moderate long-term weight loss may prevent a decline in ghrelin concentration over time in individuals with metabolic syndrome.European Journal of Endocrinology 158 499-510

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“…Isocaloric substitution of dietary carbohydrates (CHO) for fat was reported to induce a greater and longer-lasting suppression of ghrelin levels [7,8] . Discrepancies in results were reported regarding high-fat (HF) (85-100% energy) meals, where ghrelin levels were found either to be signifi cantly decreased or unchanged [8][9][10][11] . A recent study performed by Al Awar et al [12] on healthy female volunteers showed that the magnitude of postprandial acylated ghrelin suppression did not differ between meals of varied nutrient composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in Postprandial Ghrelin Status following Ingestion of High-Carbohydrate, High-Fat, and High-Protein Meals in Males

Khoury¹,

Obeid²,

Azar³

et al. 2006

Ann Nutr Metab

103

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Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the response of postprandial acylated ghrelin to changes in macronutrient composition of meals in healthy adult males. Methods: A randomized crossover study was performed. Ten healthy adult males were recruited. All subjects received, on separate occasions, a high-carbohydrate (HC), a high-fat (HF), and a high-protein (HP) meal. Blood samples were collected before and 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min following the ingestion of each meal. Plasma acylated ghrelin as well as serum insulin, glucose, and triglycerides were measured. Results: The levels of acylated ghrelin fell significantly following the three meals. The HC meal induced the most significant decrease in postprandial ghrelin secretion (–15.5 ± 2.53 pg/ml) as compared with HF (–8.4 ± 2.17 pg/ml) and HP (–10.0 ± 1.79 pg/ml) meals (p < 0.05). However, at 180 min, the HP meal maintained significantly lower mean ghrelin levels (29.7 ± 3.56 pg/ml) than both HC (58.4 ± 5.75 pg/ml) and HF (45.7 ± 5.89 pg/ml) meals and lower levels than baseline (43.4 ± 5.34 pg/ml) (p <0.01). The postprandial insulin levels increased to significantly higher levels following the HC meal (+80.6 ± 11.14 µU/ml) than following both HF (37.3 ± 4.82 µU/ml) and HP (51.4 ± 6.00 µU/ml) meals (p < 0.001). However, at 180 min, the mean insulin levels were found to be significantly higher following the HP meal (56.4 ± 10.80 µU/ml) as compared with both HC (30.9 ± 4.31 µU/ml) and HF (33.7 ± 4.42 µU/ml) meals (p < 0.05). Acylated ghrelin was also found to be negatively correlated with circulating insulin levels, across all meals. Conclusions: These results indicate that the nutrient composition of meals affects the extent of suppression of postprandial ghrelin levels and that partial substitution of dietary protein for carbohydrate or fat may promote longer-term postprandial ghrelin suppression and satiety. Our results also support the possible role of insulin in meal-induced ghrelin suppression.

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Differential Effects of High-fat and High-carbohydrate Content Isoenergetic Meals on Plasma Active Ghrelin Concentrations in Lean and Obese Women

Cited by 55 publications

References 17 publications

High-fat diet-induced obesity in animal models

High-fat diet-induced obesity in animal models

Expression of ghrelin gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma ghrelin concentrations in patients with metabolic syndrome.

Variations in Postprandial Ghrelin Status following Ingestion of High-Carbohydrate, High-Fat, and High-Protein Meals in Males

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