Differential effects of partial spikelet removal and defoliation on kernel growth and assimilate partitioning among wheat cultivars

Ma, Yong-Zhan; MacKown, Charles T.; Sanford, David A. Van

doi:10.1016/0378-4290(96)00016-0

Cited by 47 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The current results support the supposal, with GFR, FGP and grain weight of inferior florets being increased greatly by removing some florets, while decreased markedly by reducing source (leaf-cutting). However, for the loose-panicle variety Xiushui 11, floret-removal and leaf-cutting treatments caused little change of inferior florets in grain filling rate and final grain weight relative to the control, which was different to the previous reports (Simmons et al 1982;Ma et al 1996;Kato 2004) that alternation of source/sink ratio had a dramatic influence on grain filling rate and final grain weight of inferior florets. Obviously, the genotypic difference in the effect of source/ratio changing on the development of inferior florets in rice panicle may be attributable to the different panicle type or structure.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Pre-treating paclobutrazol enhanced chilling tolerance of sweetpotato

Lin¹,

Pai²,

Hwang³

et al. 2006

Plant Growth Regul

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The difference among florets within a panicle in grain filling and four hormone contents was compared by using two rice varieties differing in panicle type, i.e. compact-panicle variety Xiushui 994 and loose-panicle variety Xiushui 11. Meanwhile the effect of changing source (leaf cutting) and sink (floret removal) on grain filling and four hormone (indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellin, zeatin riboside and abscisic acid)level dynamics in developing grains was also examined. The results showed that Xiushui 994 had greater variation in grain filling rate (GFR), grain weight, filled grain percent (FGP) and four hormone contents during grain filling than Xiushui 11. Moreover, the former variety also showed the greater difference in the time of having the highest hormone contents between superior and inferior florets. The change in source and sink size had great effect on grain filling process and dynamics of four hormone contents, and the extent of the effect varied with variety and floret type. For Xiushui 994, floretremoval treatment had little effect on grain weight and FGP of the superior florets, but caused a marked decrease in GFR and four hormone contents, and a delay in the time when the highest GFR and hormone contents occurred. In the source-reducing treatment, GFR, grain weight and FGP for both superior and interior florets were all decreased. For Xiushui 11, both treatments had little effect on grain development in terms of grain filling properties and hormone content change in the two types of florets. The results indicated that the grain filling of compact-panicle variety is more source-limited than that of loosepanicle one, and relative level of hormone in both superior and inferior florets determined development of inferior florets.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Pre-treating paclobutrazol enhanced chilling tolerance of sweetpotato

Lin¹,

Pai²,

Hwang³

et al. 2006

Plant Growth Regul

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“…Pearson et al (1996b) observed that the depletion of sucrose in the cultured ears of wheat through maintaining them in the dark decreased the transport of Zn to the grain, perhaps as a result of a decrease in mass flow of carbohydrates within the phloem. Due to the limitation of the grain sink capacity, sucrose at high supply rates may be accumulated in the peduncle and chaff, resulting in stomatal closure, the abatement of transportation by the xylem, and finally a decreased accumulation of micronutrients (including Zn) in grains (Ma et al, 1996). Recent studies showed the grain Zn concentration significantly decreased with increasing sucrose supply to detached ears, due to a dilution effect resulting from the increase in grain weight (Zhang et al, 2012a;Liu et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ma et al (1996) and Wang et al (1997) investigated the source-sink limitation for wheat grain growth by partial spikelet removal and defoliation. In their experiments, partial spikelet removal reduced the grain number and total sink size, and increased the source-to-sink ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of source/sink manipulation on grain zinc accumulation by winter wheat genotypes

Xia¹,

Xue²,

Kong³

et al. 2018

Chil. j. agric. res.

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Agronomy practices aimed at wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain Zn biofortification are important to alleviate Zn deficiency in humans, especially for those resource-poor people owing to subsistence on diets dominated by cereal-based foods with low concentrations and bioavailability of Zn. To promote understanding of source-sink flow processes affecting biofortification of wheat with Zn, effects of different source/sink manipulations on grain Zn accumulation by wheat were examined in pot and field at two locations. Treatments included foliar applications of deionized water, sucrose, ZnSO4, sucrose + Zn, defoliation, spike shading or partial removal of spikes. Results showed sucrose + Zn significantly increased grain Zn concentration more than Zn alone. Grain Zn concentration with sucrose + Zn averaged 66 mg kg -1 for 'Kenong 9204' and 59 mg kg -1 for 'Liangxing 99' in pot, and ranged from 42 to 58 mg kg -1 for 'Liangxing 99', 'Jinan 17', 'Jimai 20', 'Jimai 22', and 'Luyuan 502' under field, approaching the field-grown target 60 mg kg -1 proposed by World Health Organization. Molar ratios of phytic acid/Zn and phytic acid × Ca/Zn of 'Jinan 17', 'Jimai 20' or 'Luyuan 502' with sucrose + Zn were reduced to be < 15 and < 200, respectively, suggesting higher Zn bioavailability. Defoliation or spike shading decreased grain weight, Zn concentration and content. It is concluded that grain Zn accumulation of wheat can be affected by the sourcesink relationship of Zn and/or carbohydrate, and the foliar spray 'sucrose + Zn' is recommended for increasing concentration and bioavailability of Zn in wheat grains.

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“…Several studies have shown some degree of control over grain N by intrinsic grain characteristics for wheat (Triticum aestivum; Borghi et al, 1986), barley (Hordeum vulgare;Mattsson et al, 1993), and maize (Zea mays; Wyss et al, 1991). Although others have shown control of grain N accumulation by the level of N supply for wheat (Barlow et al, 1983; Barneix and Guitman, 1993;Ma et al, 1995Ma et al, , 1996, barley (Dreccer et al, 1997; Voltas and Araus, 1997), maize (Wyss et al., 1991), pea (Pisum sativum; Lhuillier-Soundele et al, 1999a, 1999b, and soybean (Glycine max; Saravitz and Raper, 1995;Nakasathien et al, 2000). Comparison of the capacity of in vitro-cultured grains or seeds from low-and high-protein genotypes of wheat (Donovan et al, 1977), maize (Wyss et al, 1991), and soybean (Hayati et al, 1996) to accumulate N has led to the conclusion that genetic differences in grain or seed N content and concentration are caused, at least * Corresponding author; e-mail pmartre@clermont.inra.fr; fax 33-473-624 -457.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Grain Nitrogen Accumulation and Protein Composition to Understand the Sink/Source Regulations of Nitrogen Remobilization for Wheat

et al. 2003

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A functional explanation for the regulation of grain nitrogen (N) accumulation in cereal by environmental and genetic factors remains elusive. Here, new mechanistic hypotheses of grain N accumulation are proposed and tested for wheat (Triticum aestivum). First, we tested experimentally the hypothesis that grain N accumulation is mostly source regulated. Four contrasting cultivars, in terms of their grain N concentrations and yield potentials, were grown with non-limiting N supply. Grain number per ear was reduced by removing the top part of the ear at anthesis. Reduction in grain number gave a significant increase in N content per grain for all cultivars, showing that grain N accumulation was source regulated. However, on a per ear basis, cultivars with a high grain number fully compensated their N accumulation for reduced grain number at anthesis. Cultivars with a lower grain number did not compensate completely, and grain N per ear was decreased by 16%. Second, new mechanistic hypotheses of the origins of grain N source regulation and its response to environment were tested by simulation. The hypotheses were: (a) The regulation by N sources of grain N accumulation applies only for the storage proteins (i.e. gliadin and glutenin fractions); (b) accumulation of structural and metabolic proteins (i.e. albumin-globulin and amphiphilic fractions) is sink-regulated; and (c) N partitioning between gliadins and glutenins is constant during grain development and unmodified by growing conditions. Comparison of experimental and simulation results of the accumulation of grain protein fractions under wide ranges of N fertilization, temperatures, and irrigation supported these hypotheses.One challenge for global nutrition in the next decade is to increase food yield per unit ground area in a sustainable manner while maintaining its end use value (Cassman, 1999; Tilman, 1999; Tilman et al., 2002). Grain protein concentration and composition are major determinants of grain nutritional value (Feil, 1997). The concentration of Lys in grain, the most limiting amino acid in cereals for human and monogastric animals, increases with increasing grain protein concentration (Feil, 1997) despite the decrease of its concentration in total protein (Mossé et al., 1985). Grain protein concentration and composition are also the major determinants of flour functional properties (Weegels et al., 1996;Shewry and Halford, 2002). However, the inverse relationship between grain yield and protein concentration, reported for several species, may prevent breeders from improving these two traits simultaneously (Stewart and Dwyer, 1990; Delzer et al., 1995; Feil, 1997; Brancourt-Hulmel et al., 2003). To break this inverse relationship, genetic increments in grain protein yield must keep pace with those in grain yield.Therefore, efforts to overcome the inverse relationship between grain yield and protein concentration must concentrate on improving grain protein accumulation per square meter and per grain (Feil, 1997; Triboï and Triboï-Blondel, 2002...

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Differential effects of partial spikelet removal and defoliation on kernel growth and assimilate partitioning among wheat cultivars

Cited by 47 publications

References 17 publications

Pre-treating paclobutrazol enhanced chilling tolerance of sweetpotato

Pre-treating paclobutrazol enhanced chilling tolerance of sweetpotato

Effects of source/sink manipulation on grain zinc accumulation by winter wheat genotypes

Modeling Grain Nitrogen Accumulation and Protein Composition to Understand the Sink/Source Regulations of Nitrogen Remobilization for Wheat

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