Differential effects of sevoflurane and propofol on an electroretinogram and visual evoked potentials

Non-invasive visual evoked potentials under sevoflurane versus ketamine-xylazine in rats

“…During VEP recording sessions performed in this experiment, a relatively low concentration of sevoflurane (2%) was administered, which is approximately half the dose used for optimal surgical procedures in rats (4.1%; Tsukamoto et al., 2018 ). Regarding N1-P2 amplitude, its decrease under sevoflurane compared with ketamine-xylazine might occur because halogenated inhalational agents like sevoflurane and isoflurane produce a dose-dependent reduction in amplitude of cortically evoked responses ( Sloan, 1998 ) and therefore VEPs ( Kameyama, 1994 ; Jehle et al., 2009 ; Tanaka et al., 2020 ). Moreover, the use of ketamine for somatosensory evoked potential recording has been associated with an increase in amplitude compared with the awake state ( Schubert et al., 1990 ).…”

Reliability of intraoperative visual evoked potentials (iVEPs) in monitoring visual function during endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery

“…The VEPs, as widely described, allow an objective comprehensive evaluation of the function of the optic nerve, chiasm, and the whole visual pathway, without the needs of patient’s cooperation [ 10 , 21 , 31 ]. Furthermore, it has been proven that compression of visual pathway, as well as intrinsic lesions of the optic-chiasmatic apparatus, can influence VEPs, resulting in an increase in latency, as well as in a reduction of the amplitude of the wave potential [ 7 , 26 , 27 , 31 ].…”

“…Inconclusive results are probably affected by the inconsistency of anesthetic and monitoring techniques, particularly in older studies. The introduction of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) [ 27 , 29 , 30 ] and the simultaneous use of EEG monitoring during iVEPs acquisition [ 13 ] allowed more stable and reliable acquisitions during surgery. In Table 3 , we resumed the findings of the most numerous clinical series: incompleteness of reported data and the consequent inconclusive results are evident [ 3 , 4 , 8 , 13 , 15 , 17 – 19 , 22 , 23 , 28 ].…”

Normative Data of Ocular Biometry, Optical Coherence Tomography, and Electrophysiology Conducted for Cynomolgus Macaque Monkeys

“… 55 However, a previous study has shown that sevoflurane (which was used in this study) has little effect on ERG amplitudes, and its use significantly attenuates the VEP amplitudes. 56 Second, our study included relatively few monkeys. All cynomolgus monkeys were young adults after sexual maturation and had full eye growth; all were male.…”