Differential effects of T-2 toxin on bone marrow and spleen erythropoiesis in mice

Velazco, Viviana; Faifer, Graciela C.; Godoy, Héctor M.

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(96)00118-4

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, the multiple-dose regime provoked a more intense compensatory hypercellularity in spleen, which in this case lasted for about 20 days, instead of 4 days reported after a single dose [Velazco et al, 1996]. However, the multiple-dose regime provoked a more intense compensatory hypercellularity in spleen, which in this case lasted for about 20 days, instead of 4 days reported after a single dose [Velazco et al, 1996].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…Results from our laboratory clearly established that a single dose of T-2 toxin produces a strong but transient damage to iron-incorporating erythrocyte precursor cells [Faifer and Godoy, 1991], as well as granulocytic progenitor cells of mouse bone marrow, even at very small doses, while very little or no alterations were seen at the level of circulating blood [Faifer et al, 1992]. Further work using radiolabeled iron uptake into hematopoietic tissues confirmed that after single or several daily doses of T-2 toxin there was a strong damage to the erythropoietic precursor cells, which was rapidly reverted in spleen but not in bone marrow [Velazco et al, 1996]. According to the abundant literature on hematopoietic cytotoxicity, the extensive acute cytotoxic damage produced by T-2 toxin should be followed by a drastic recruitment of undifferentiated precursor cells [colony forming units-spleen cells (CFU-S)] TOXINS 5:152-156 (1997) into active proliferation [Goris et al, 1989;Hill, 1978].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…T-2 toxin was isolated from cultures of Fusarium sporotrichioides and chromatographically purified as previously described [Velazco et al, 1996]. Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and diphenyloxazole (PPO) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, MO).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of multiple doses of T‐2 toxin on the erythroid response capacity of mice following an extensive experimental bleeding

Godoy¹,

Faifer²,

Velazco³

1997

Natural Toxins

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Total nucleated cellularity and total erythroid cell populations were measured in spleen and bone marrow of mice at different times after treatment with 3 daily doses of T-2 toxin (2.0 mg/kg). It was found that the initial depletion of hematopoietic cells produced by the toxin was rapidly reverted in spleen, giving way after 48 hr to a significant hypercellularity which after 10 days was 2.5 times the normal levels, but this effect was not observed in bone marrow, which slowly recovered normal cellularity after 5 days. The cytological analysis revealed that there was a highly significant shift in the ratio of erythroid to non-erythroid cells, since erythroid cell populations increased by about 8-fold in spleen and nearly 2-fold in bone marrow between 10 and 35 days after intoxication. In order to test the integrity of the hematopoietic reserve capacity, a hemorrhagic stress was produced in intoxicated animals at 10-50 days after toxin exposure. It was found that the erythroid response capacity was significantly higher in the intoxicated animals compared to anemic controls. The results suggest that the initial cytotoxic damage produced by T-2 toxin in the hematopoietic system is followed by a significant erythroid hypercellularity, which can confer an increased capacity for response to a hemorrhagic emergency. Nat. Toxins 5: 152-156, 1997. 1997

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of multiple doses of T‐2 toxin on the erythroid response capacity of mice following an extensive experimental bleeding

Godoy¹,

Faifer²,

Velazco³

1997

Natural Toxins

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“…Lipophilic nature of T-2 toxin suggests that they are easily absorbed through skin, gut, and pulmonary mucosa. Trichothecene causes multiorgan effects including emesis, and diarrhea (Ishigami et al, 2001), weight loss (Chaudhari et al, 2009a), nervous disorders (Watson et al, 1984), cardiovascular alterations (Sudakin, 2003), immune suppression (Ahmadi and Riazipur, 2008), hemostatic derangements (Li et al, 2011), skin toxicity (Albarenque et al, 1999), and bone marrow damage (Velazco et al, 1996). We had recently reported the alteration of blood brain barrier permeability after topical application of T-2 toxin in mice (Ravindran et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of route of T-2 toxin exposure on hepatic oxidative damage in mice

2013

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T-2 toxin is the most toxic among mycotoxins and poses a potential health hazard for both humans and animals. At high doses, T-2 toxin can cause shock-like syndrome that can result in death. We evaluated the effect of time course and route of exposure on hepatic oxidative damage in mice and it is only such study so far to compare the effects of dermal and subcutaneous exposure of T-2 toxin. Mice were exposed to 1 LD50 of T-2 toxin either by percutaneous (5.94 mg/kg body weight) or subcutaneous (1.54 mg/kg body weight) route and sacrificed at 0, 1, 3, and 7 days postexposure. Analysis of a number of serum biochemical variables, antioxidant enzymes activity, gene and protein expression by immunoblot assay showed time and route dependent effects of T-2 induced hepatic oxidative damage. Time dependent increase in protein carbonyl content and protein oxidation was seen in serum and liver. Results of our study may provide possible mechanism for developing medical countermeasures against T-2 toxin.

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“…In vivo DNA and protein synthesis has been shown to be inhibited in the spleen, thymus, and bone marrow of mice given T-2 toxin 32 , and some groups have reported a relationship between cytotoxic erythropoietic damage and a strong inhibition of the uptake of iron into erythropoietic cells in T-2 toxin-treated mice 33 . In addition, T-2 toxin has species-specific hemolytic effects on erythrocytes 34,35 and Gyongyossy-Issa and Khachatourians 36 have reported that T-2 toxin interacts with and binds to the membranes of spleen-derived lymphocytes from rodents.…”

Section: Hematopoietic Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-2 Toxin and Apoptosis

2006

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T-2 toxin is a cytotoxic fungal secondary metabolite produced by various species of Fusarium. This paper reviews the reported data about the development and/or mechanisms of T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis in the hematopoietic, lymphoid and gastrointestinal tissues, dorsal skin and fetal tissues of mice and rats. Apoptosis occurs earlier in hematopoietic tissues than in lymphoid tissues, and moreover there is a difference among lymphocyte populations in the susceptibility to T-2 toxin. C-fos plays an important role in the early phase of T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis in hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues through mobilization of [Ca 2+ ] i and the PKC-dependent pathway, but not through Fas/Fasligand or p53-related pathways. In the gastrointestinal tract, apoptosis develops earlier in the small intestine than in the stomach, and is more prominent in the small intestine than in the large intestine. In the dorsal skin topically treated with T-2 toxin, epidermal basal cell proliferating activity is first suppressed due to the elevated TGF-β 1 expression, and then basal cell apoptosis develops concomitantly with the elevation of c-fos, c-jun and TNF-α mRNAs expression. In the fetuses, T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis is mainly observed in the central nervous and skeletal systems. In the fetal brain, T-2 toxin induces oxidative stress, followed by activation of the MAPK-JNK-c-Jun pathway, finally resulting in apoptosis. The TNF receptor pathway may also be involved in T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis in the fetal brain. Thus, the development and mechanisms of T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis differ somewhat depending on the tissues affected. (J Toxicol Pathol 2006; 19: 15-27)

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Differential effects of T-2 toxin on bone marrow and spleen erythropoiesis in mice

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

Effects of multiple doses of T‐2 toxin on the erythroid response capacity of mice following an extensive experimental bleeding

Effects of multiple doses of T‐2 toxin on the erythroid response capacity of mice following an extensive experimental bleeding

Differential effects of route of T-2 toxin exposure on hepatic oxidative damage in mice

T-2 Toxin and Apoptosis

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