Differential Effects of Two Strains of BCG on Transplantation Immunity to SV40-Induced Tumors in Hamsters

Fortner, G W; Hanna, Michael G.; Coggin, Joseph H.

doi:10.3181/00379727-147-38281

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…40-induced tumors of hamsters were inhibited more strongly by Phipps BCG than by Glaxo. 5 Fresh-frozen and lyophilized Tice BCG have been directly compared in the guinea pig line 10 hepatoma for immunotherapeutic benefits in an IT protocol for treatment of established primary tumors and regional lymph node metastases."' The two preparations were equally effective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy of postoperative metastases of 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma. Comparative effectiveness of BCG substrains and methods of preparation

Kreider

Bartlett

Purnell

1980

Cancer

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Six Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) substrains (Phipps, Pasteur, Connaught, Glaxo, RIV, and Tice) and two methods of preparation and storage (pellicle-lyophilized, dispersed-frozen and dispersed lyophilized) were directly compared in a standard immunotherapy protocol. Complete Freund's adjuvant and Bordetella pertussis vaccine were also studied. All experiments included direct comparisons with Corynebacterium parvum. The immunotherapy assay system was the 13762A rat mammary carcinoma in which immunity stimulant were given intratumorally on day 7, followed by excision of primary tumors on day 20. In this protocol, C parvum produced strong inhibition of established metastases and some cures. All of the BCG strains except Glaxo were effective in at least one experiment but none was as strong or as consistent in its effects as C parvum. No strain of BCG or method of preparation was clearly superior to the others. The B pertussis vaccine and complete Freund's adjuvant were ineffective.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunotherapy of postoperative metastases of 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma. Comparative effectiveness of BCG substrains and methods of preparation

Kreider

Bartlett

Purnell

1980

Cancer

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“…In addition, the Pasteur, Phipps, Connaught, Tice, and Glaxo strains vary greatly in their individual virulence, immunopotentiating activities, ability to induce delayed-type hypersensitivity to PPD, and antitumor activity. Fresh frozen preparations of the Pasteur strain exhibit the greatest activity by the above parameters, while the Glaxo strain is the weakest; the other strains are intermediate in activity [8][9][10]. Optimal strains readily available for experimental immunotherapy at this time are the Pasteur, Phipps, and Connaught.…”

Section: History and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 98%

Immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy of malignant disease with BCG and nonviable mycobacterial fractions

et al. 1977

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The administration of Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) has been associated with restoration of general immunocompetence, augmentation of specific tumor immunity, activation of local and regional host defense mechanisms, and stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system. There is evidence that antigens from a variety of unrelated tumors are shared with, or are similar to, antigens in BCG. However, it is uncertain whether this cross‐reactivity is the basis for the antitumor activity of BCG. Numerous studies emphasize the importance of regional effects of immunotherapy. They suggest a two‐step mechanism for antitumor activity that involves recognition of BCG by host defense mechanisms, followed by activation and mobilization of macrophages by specifically produced lymphokines. The several nonviable derivatives of BCG have activity comparable to BCG without many of the problems associated with viable BCG. An optimal, completely standardized BCG preparation has not yet been produced. Clinical studies on the immunotherapeutic effects of BCG and its derivatives in cancer patients indicate that in cutaneous malignant melanoma, intralesional injection of BCG causes complete regression of tumor in 65–90% of instances, with long‐term remission in patients with purely cutaneous metastatic disease. In patients with disseminated malignant melanoma, studies show prolongation of remission duration and overall survival in patients undergoing chemoimmunotherapy (with BCG + imidazole carboxamide) over those receiving chemotherapy alone. In acute lymphoblastic leukemia, one study has found a greater than 90% probability of survival in patients with the microlymphoblastic type undergoing immunotherapy after 5 years, yet other studies fail to show any therapeutic advantage. In most studies in acute myeloblastic leukemia, immunochemotherapy has given both qualitative and quantitative improvements in remission duration and particularly survival. Increased survival, particularly in stage I patients, has been reported in a trial of adjuvant BCG immunotherapy in lung cancer. Other studies on carcinoma of the colon, breast, and the head and neck, soft tissue sarcomas, and genitourinary cancers, utilizing various combinations of BCG and its derivatives, and chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation therapy indicate enhanced remission duration and survival. However, more research is needed to determine the optimum therapy combination in each case, to make refinements in dose, route, and schedule of administration, to improve product characteristics, and to overcome the complications of BCG immunotherapy.

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“…Different BCG preparations have been compared for their ability to inhibit tumors by administration, or for adjuvant effects with a heterologous antigen. 1 1~1 7~1 8~1 9 Some of those investigations involved pretreatment.g~11, 19 In only one study were different BCG preparations compared for adjuvanticity in a tumor cell vaccine; it involved vaccine pretreatment and compared only two BCG suspensions.y…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmentation of immunity to line 10 hepatoma by BCG. Comparison of different BCG preparations

Bartlett

Kreider

Purnell

et al. 1980

Cancer

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The line 10 hepatoma of strain 2 guinea pigs was used in order to evaluate the adjuvant efficacy of eight Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) suspensions which differed in strain, method of preservation, or dosage. Lyophilized Tice BCG was consistently the most effective preparation. Each strain had adjuvant activity in at least one experiment. The method of preservation of BCG (fresh-frozen vs. lyophilized) did not have a consistent, a predictable influence on adjuvanticity. A ten-fold increase in the dosage of BCG or of the whole vaccine was not supraoptimal.

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Differential Effects of Two Strains of BCG on Transplantation Immunity to SV40-Induced Tumors in Hamsters

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Immunotherapy of postoperative metastases of 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma. Comparative effectiveness of BCG substrains and methods of preparation

Immunotherapy of postoperative metastases of 13762A rat mammary adenocarcinoma. Comparative effectiveness of BCG substrains and methods of preparation

Immunotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy of malignant disease with BCG and nonviable mycobacterial fractions

Augmentation of immunity to line 10 hepatoma by BCG. Comparison of different BCG preparations

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