Differential effects of unemployment on depression in people living with HIV/AIDS: a quantile regression approach

Zeng, Chengbo; Guo, Yan; Hong, Ying; Gentz, Shelene; Zhang, Jinxin; Zhang, Hanxi; Qiao, Jiaying; Xu, Zhimeng; Cai, Weiping

doi:10.1080/09540121.2019.1587366

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Depression scores increased among MSM living with HIV in unemployed men [ 33 ], as supported by another study [ 84 ]. PLHIV may encounter challenges to employment and retention due to HIV-related stigma, disclosure and confidentiality difficulties at work, the impact of poor health on their capacity to work, and the requirement for medical leave and healthcare appointments [ 85 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Biopsychosocial approach to understanding determinants of depression among men who have sex with men living with HIV: A systematic review

et al. 2022

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Introduction Men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV are more likely to be depressed than MSM without HIV. The AIDS epidemic will not end if the needs of people living with HIV and the determinants of health are not being addressed. Compared to HIV individuals without depression, depressed HIV individuals have worse clinical outcomes and higher mortality risk. Depression is caused by a complex combination of social, psychological, and biological variables. This systematic review, thereby motivated by the need to address this gap in the literature, aims to articulate determinants of depression among MSM living with HIV according to the biopsychosocial approach. Methodology We systematically searched four databases from 2011 to 2021. We searched for observational studies on determinants of depression among MSM living with HIV. The outcome is depression based on the categorical or numerical outcome. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study risks of bias. Any disagreements are consulted with the third reviewer. Results We identified 533 articles, of which only eight studies are included. A total of 3,172 MSMs are included in the studies. We found the determinants of depression and categorized them according to biological, psychological, and social approaches. Conclusion The determinants of depression with the strongest evidence across studies were enacted HIV-related stigma, unemployment, sleep disturbance, current smoker, black ethnicity, born overseas, ART initiation, and access to mental health care. Despite weaker evidence, the other relevant determinants to be included were older age, internalized stigma, self-efficacy, and social support. Efforts to improve or prevent depression among MSM living with HIV could benefit from addressing the determinants of depression based on the biopsychosocial approach immediately after HIV diagnosis. Integrating mental health screening and care into HIV treatment settings would strengthen HIV prevention and care outcomes and improve access to mental healthcare.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Biopsychosocial approach to understanding determinants of depression among men who have sex with men living with HIV: A systematic review

et al. 2022

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“…The social aspect of PLWHA is complicated with difficult life circumstances such as public stigma and poverty [ 27 ]. As a result, several studies indicated that depression can be caused by 1) interpersonal problems such as separation, conflict, stigma and loneliness [ 28 , 29 ], and 2) life changes in relation to the HIV/AIDS such as sickness, unemployment and poverty [ 30 – 32 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation of the WHO group interpersonal therapy for people living with HIV/AIDS in Northwest Ethiopia: A qualitative study

et al. 2020

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Background Psychological treatments improve depressive symptoms in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Adaptation of treatments should be based on explanatory models of depression and other elements within the given context. Aim This study aimed to examine explanatory models of depression and acceptable approaches for implementation of group IPT in Northwest Ethiopia. Methods Qualitative data were collected from April to May 2019 from case managers, adherence supporters and service users using focus group discussion and analysed thematically. Results PLWHA attributed depression to psychosocial problems, spiritual factors and biological factors. Depression had several impacts at individual and family level. Group-based interpersonal therapy (IPT) was acceptable if provided by trained peer counselors. Conclusion The current study findings informed how to conduct feasibility and acceptability trials of group IPT in the HIV population in Ethiopia.

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“…people living with HIV who had been infected through drugs use, and who had weaker immune systems and lower levels of education) had more negative outcomes in terms of employment, and, since drug use is frequently started at early ages, at which educational level is probably low, effective drug-prevention programmes might be effective. Moreover, health-related interventions, such as those which motivate adherence to treatment, or counselling campaigns for people living with HIV who have depression, which increases when they are unemployed [67], as well as societal-awareness campaigns, would improve job opportunities for people living with HIV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The employment situation of people living with HIV: a closer look at the effects of the 2008 economic crisis

2021

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This study aims to assess the determinants of employment probabilities among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) during a 15-year period (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) in Spain, focusing on the possible effects of occurrences such as the 2008 economic crisis. The probability of people living with HIV having a job was evaluated by applying several multivariate probit regression models. Differences between the employment status of people living with HIV and that of the general population were evaluated by applying genetic matching regression models. With respect to the former evaluation, for people living with HIV, the period before the crisis (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) was associated with a probability of being employed that was 2.43 percentage points (p.p.) higher than during the crisis, and the period after the crisis (2014-2016) with a probability that was 7.58 p.p. lower than during the crisis. Greater effects were also observed among males, the probability of being in employment before the economic crisis being higher (by 2.26 p.p.) and lower after the crisis (− 3.41 p.p.) than among women, and among those infected through drug use (6.18 p.p. and − 7.34 p.p. before and after the crisis, respectively), than among those infected through sex. When analysing the differences with respect to the general population, people living with HIV reported lower probabilities of being employed: by − 18 p.p. before the crisis, by − 15 p.p. during the crisis (years 2008-2013) and by − 10 p.p. after the crisis, implying a convergence in the prospects of employment with the passage of the years. Those differences were greater for people of basic educational level (− 23 to − 16 p.p.), a weaker immune system (− 34 p.p. to − 21 p.p.) and those infected through the use of drugs (− 31 p.p. to − 26 p.p.). Although the results suggest that the economic crisis had a greater effect on the employment prospects of people living with HIV, and that effect is still felt by that group, our findings also point towards a convergence of their employment prospects with those of the general population, over the 15-year period assessed. An analysis of the employment situation of people living with HIV might have helped when designing job-seeking methods and policies on the working environment, especially through the 15-year period considered, when the economic crisis had a greater effect on the job market.

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Differential effects of unemployment on depression in people living with HIV/AIDS: a quantile regression approach

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Biopsychosocial approach to understanding determinants of depression among men who have sex with men living with HIV: A systematic review

Biopsychosocial approach to understanding determinants of depression among men who have sex with men living with HIV: A systematic review

Adaptation of the WHO group interpersonal therapy for people living with HIV/AIDS in Northwest Ethiopia: A qualitative study

The employment situation of people living with HIV: a closer look at the effects of the 2008 economic crisis

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