Differential enlargement of artery segments in response to enlarging atherosclerotic plaques

Circulating microparticles may influence early carotid artery remodeling

“…The mechanism responsible for carotid inward remodeling in individuals with the greatest IMT was not confounded by age, sex and other risk factors, and could not be related to a Glagov's phenomenon that reflects direct damage of the internal elastic lamina and arterial media in the presence of advanced intrusive atherosclerosis [13][14][15] that was absent in the common carotid artery of our participants. In contrast, it is plausible that increased level of endothelial-derived, platelet-derived or leukocyte-derived microparticles may alter the endotheliumdependent control of large size artery.…”

Longitudinal Distribution of Plaque Burden and Necrotic Core–Rich Plaques in Nonculprit Lesions of Patients Presenting With Acute Coronary Syndromes

“…Previous autopsy, angiographic, IVUS, and optical coherence tomography analyses have reported that atherosclerosis accumulates to a greater degree in the proximal than the distal coronary tree (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). Other retrospective studies have suggested that symptomatic coronary artery occlusions also have a proximal coronary predominance.…”

Vascular Wall Shear Stress in Clinical Practice

“…Conversely, decreased shear stress resulting from lower flow or blood viscosity [39] induces a decrease in internal vessel radius [22,34,38]. The net effect of these endothelialmediated compensatory responses is the maintenance of mean arterial hemodynamic shear stress magnitude at approximately 15 -20 dyn/cm 2 [31,36,40,41]. It has been postulated, therefore, that the natural presence of curves and branch points in the arterial tree creates a local low shear stress environment at birth which determines the localization of the initial fatty streak [42].…”