“…These techniques could not explain the complex objective functions which are not differentiable, mostly with complicated constraints, as today's ORPF problem is not a mathematically convex problem. Due to these reason, many evolutionary algorithms (EAs), such as genetic algorithm (GA) [1][2][3], evolutionary programming (EP) [4][5], particle swarm optimization (PSO) [6][7][8][9][10], differential evolution (DE) [11][12][13], seeker optimization algorithm (SOA) [14][15], biogeography based optimization (BBO) [16], Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA) [17], opposition based gravitational search algorithm (OGSA) [18], teaching learning based optimization (TLBO) [22], quasi-oppositional teaching learning based optimization (QOTLBO) [22], etc. are being applied for solving different complex ORPF problems to overcome some of the drawbacks of conventional classical mathematical techniques.…”