Differential Evolution-Based Overcurrent Protection for DC Microgrids

Abstract

DC microgrids have advantages over AC microgrids in terms of system efficiency, cost, and system size. However, a well-designed overcurrent protection approach for DC microgrids remains a challenge. Recognizing this, this paper presents a novel differential evolution (DE) based protection framework for DC microgrids. First, a simplified DC microgrid model is adopted to provide the analytical basis of the DE algorithm. The simplified model does not sacrifice performance criterion in steady-state simulation, which is verified through extensive simulation studies. A DE-based novel overcurrent protection scheme is then proposed to protect the DC microgrid. This DE method provides an innovative way to calculate the maximum line current, which can be used for the overcurrent protection threshold setting and the relay coordination time setting. The detailed load condition and solar irradiance for each bus can be obtained by proposed DE-based method. Finally, extensive case studies involving faults at different locations are performed to validate the proposed strategy’s effectiveness. The expandability of the proposed DE-based overcurrent protection framework has been confirmed by further case studies in seven bus mesh systems.

Accurate Model Parameter Identification to Boost Precise Aging Prediction of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Review

“…LIBs are more susceptible to nonlinear aging at low SOC onset values and wide SOC ranges, exhibiting accelerated capacity fade at end‐of‐life (EoL). [ 111 ] There is a strong dependence between LAM and the increase in impedance, with LAM PE and LLI accelerating with increased temperature. [ 112 ] After prolonged cycling in a wide SOC range, numerous microcracks were observed in the cathode particles of ternary batteries, and the crystal structure was promptly transformed into a rock‐salt‐like structure, resulting in an increase in charge transfer resistance.…”

DC Microgrids: Benefits, Architectures, Perspectives and Challenges

“…Single bus topology [2,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][28][29][30] Radial topology [2,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][31][32][33][34][35] Ring or loop [2,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][36][37][38][39] Mesh topology [2,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][31][32][33][40][41][42...…”

“…The developed DC microgrids use different voltage levels. Another aspect that is fundamental and still needs some new standards and legislation is the security of people and installations [37,101,102].…”

“…[2,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][36][37][38][39] Mesh topology[2,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][31][32][33][40][41][42] Interconnected topology[2,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23]43,44] …”

Optimal Coordinated Control of DC Microgrid Based on Hybrid PSO–GWO Algorithm

“…In order to gain the full utilization of this type of microgrid, there are a few obstacles that need to be considered, including a seamless transition from islanded mode to on-grid mode operation, along with compatibility with AC loads [9]. Furthermore, microgrid protection is a problematic issue owing to the unavailability of zero-crossing current in addition to grounding [10,11]. The stability of the DC microgrid is a significant problem during fault circumstances, because of the resistive impedance characteristic of DC microgrid schemes and the absence of physical inertia [12].…”