“…To achieve better performance (convergence speed, accuracy, and global optimization ability) compared to individual methods, several hybrid approaches appear in the literature, including DE and PSO ( Hendtlass, 2001 ; Zhang and Xie, 2003 ; Talbi and Batouche, 2004 ; Hao et al, 2007 ; Das et al, 2008 ; Vaisakh et al, 2009 ; Garcia-Guarin et al, 2019 ; Dash et al, 2020 ; Li et al, 2021 ), PSO and GA ( Mousa et al, 2012 ; Esmin and Matwin, 2013 ; Samuel and Rajan, 2015 ; Ali and Tawhid, 2017 ; Dziwiński and Bartczuk, 2019 ; Pu et al, 2019 ; Omidinasab and Goodarzimehr, 2020 ; Fu et al, 2021 ; Goodarzimehr et al, 2023 ), and GA and DE ( Trivedi et al, 2015 , 2016 ; Abidin, 2018 ; Aguitoni et al, 2018 ; Chaudhary et al, 2019 ; Fathy et al, 2020 ) ( Fig. 9 ).…”