Differential expression levels of plasma-derived miR-146b and miR-155 in papillary thyroid cancer

MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: MicroRNA in diagnostics and therapy of thyroid cancer

“…MiR-146b distinguished between the groups with 61.4% sensitivity and 57.9% specificity, while miR-155 with 74.3% sensitivity and 63.2% specificity. The levels of miR-146b, -155, and -222 increased proportionally to tumor size (44). Alternatively, plasma levels of miR-25-3p and miR-451a were used to distinguish PTC patients from subjects with benign nodules with the sensitivity of 92.8 and 88.9% and specificity of 68.8 and 66.7%, respectively (45).…”

The Stature of Human Thyroid Cancer Related to Over Expressed mir-221 and mir-146b

“…Furthermore, miRNA signatures have been investigated in thyroid cancer, and researchers have found that miRNA expression profiles were able to differentiate benign from malignant thyroid lesions, suggesting that miRNAs might serve as diagnostic biomarkers for thyroid cancer. However, different accuracies and conflicting results were obtained in different research studies [32][33][34]. Another study suggested that the results using a panel of 4 miRNAs (miR-328, miR-21, miR-197, and miR-221), which yielded a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 85% in discriminating malignant from benign nodules, were higher than those obtained from a panel of 2 miRNAs (miR-21 and miR-328), which yielded a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 85%, or than those obtained using the individual miR-21, with a sensitivity of 69% and a specificity of 86%, indicating that panels consisting of multiple miRNAs possessed higher diagnostic accuracy [35].…”

Stem cell-derived exosomes: a novel vector for tissue repair and diabetic therapy

“…mRNA transferred in exosomes can be expressed in target cells, altering the protein expression within those cells (Deregibus et al 2007, Lee et al 2012, Tomasoni et al 2013. The transfer of miRNAs and siRNAs can also alter protein expression in target cells by binding to complementary mRNA in the cytoplasm, inhibiting translation (Guay et al 2015, Lee et al 2015b. Intercellular transfer of exosomal cargo has been implicated in immunomodulation, initiation of cellular proliferation, angiogenesis, regulation of apoptosis, platelet activation and other phenotypic alterations in targeted cells (Rak 2010, Sheng et al 2011, Corrado et al 2013, Tomasoni et al 2013, Rahman et al 2014, Shabbir et al 2015.…”