Differential Expression of Activator Protein-1 Proteins in the Pineal Gland of Syrian Hamster and Rat May Explain Species Diversity in Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase Gene Expression

Sinitskaya, Natalia; Salingre, Anthony; Klosen, Paul; Revel, Florent G.; Pévet, Paul; Simonneaux, Valérie

doi:10.1210/en.2006-0526

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Therefore, the reduction in NFKB activation occurs before the lightdark transition in hamsters and is partially dependent on the increase in corticosterone level. These data reinforce that controlling the pineal nuclear activity is different in Syrian hamster and rats (Sinitskaya et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Melatonin synthesis is strongly restricted to the later part of the night in Syrian hamsters; however, the melatonin peak begins earlier in rats (Garidou et al 2003;Sinitskaya et al 2006). This melatonin synthesis delay in Syrian hamsters is attributed to noradrenaline inducing the clock gene Per1 at the beginning of darkness (Wongchitrat et al 2009), which blocks the transcription of key enzymes in melatonin synthesis (Christ et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma corticosterone elevation inhibits the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB) in the Syrian hamster pineal gland

Ferreira¹,

Bothorel

Markus

et al. 2011

Stress

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We evaluated how the mild stress-induced increase in endogenous corticosterone affected the pineal gland in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). The animals were maintained under constant light for 1 day, instead of a cycle of 14:10-h, to increase the circulating corticosterone levels during the daytime. The nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB), which is the pivotal transcription factor for stress and injury, presented a daily rhythm in normal animals. NFKB nuclear content increased linearly from the onset of light [Zeitgeber Time 0 (ZT0)] until ZT11 and decreased after ZT12 when the plasma corticosterone peak was detected in normal animals. However, the 24-h profiles of the two curves were different, and they did not clearly support an exclusive relationship between corticosterone levels and NFKB content. Therefore, we tested the effect of increased endogenous corticosterone through inducing mild stress by maintaining daytime illumination for one night. This stressful condition, which increased daytime corticosterone levels, resulted in a daytime decrease in NFKB nuclear content, and this was inhibited by mifepristone. Overall, this study shows that NFKB has a daily rhythm in Syrian hamster pineal glands and, by increasing endogenous corticosterone with a stressful condition, NFKB activity is regulated. Therefore, this study suggests that the pineal gland in the Syrian hamster is a sensor of stressful conditions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma corticosterone elevation inhibits the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB) in the Syrian hamster pineal gland

Ferreira¹,

Bothorel

Markus

et al. 2011

Stress

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“…Whether this is related to a difference in sensitivity between the AP-1 sites on the Aanat and Dio2 promoters toward the repressive effects of different Fra-2 complexes awaits further investigation. In this regard, it should be noted that JunB, which can form a repressive complex interacting with the AP-1 site, is also induced at night (41)(42)(43)(44), and it will be worthwhile to examine its contribution to the overall effect of the AP-1 complex on Dio2 expression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Repressor Proteins in the Adrenergic Induction of Type II Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Rat Pinealocytes

et al. 2007

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In this study, we investigated the transcriptional regulation of the adrenergic induction of type II iodothyronine deiodinase (Dio2) in rat pinealocytes. Treatment of pinealocytes with norepinephrine (NE) caused an increase in the mRNA level of Dio2 that peaked around 2 h and declined over the next 5 h. Both beta- and alpha1-adrenergic receptors contributed to the NE induction of Dio2 expression through a cAMP/protein kinase A mechanism. In pinealocytes that had been stimulated by NE, inhibition of transcription by actinomycin had no discernible effect on Dio2 expression. In contrast, inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide enhanced the NE induction of Dio2 expression, suggesting the involvement of a repressor protein. Transient transfection of pinealocytes with adenovirus expressing small interfering RNA against Fos-related antigen 2 (Fra2) enhanced the NE induction of Dio2 expression, whereas the effect of overexpression of the full-length transcript of Fra2 was inhibitory. Time-course study indicated that preventing the NE induction of Fra2 enhanced the NE induction of Dio2 after 3 h, and the enhancement persisted beyond 6 h after NE stimulation. In comparison, transient transfection of pinealocytes with small interfering RNA against inducible cAMP early repressor (Icer) had no effect on the NE induction of Dio2 expression, whereas overexpression of the full-length transcript of Icer caused a small reduction of the NE-stimulated Dio2 expression. Together, our results support Fra-2 as an important transcriptional repressor that helps shape the time profile of the adrenergic induction of Dio2 expression in the rat pineal gland.

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“…In previous studies, we reported a fast NE‐driven induction of c‐Fos protein (9) and Icer mRNA (15) at night‐time in the Syrian hamster pineal gland. Moreover, both c ‐fos and Icer gene expression are subjected to the inhibitory action of ICER in other models: Icer (4, 16) and c ‐fos (17, 18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Recent studies, however, have pointed out that regulation of pineal Aa‐nat gene transcription varies among species (6, 7). In the Syrian hamster, CREB activation is not sufficient for Aa‐nat transcription at night because NE‐induced de novo synthesis of inducible TFs, in particular c‐Fos (8, 9), is also required. Moreover, adrenergic stimulation of Aa‐nat transcription and melatonin synthesis in the Syrian hamster is not possible during the light phase of the daily cycle (10–14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Daytime Gating in the Syrian Hamster Pineal Gland

Salingre

Klosen

Pévet

et al. 2009

J Neuroendocrinology

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Melatonin synthesis in rodents is tightly regulated at the transcriptional level by stimulatory and inhibitory transcription factors. Among them, phosphorylated cAMP-related element binding protein (pCREB) and inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER), a strong inhibitor of cAMP-related element-driven genes, have an antagonistic action in activating/inhibiting the transcription of the Aa-nat gene, which is an important enzyme in melatonin synthesis. In the Syrian hamster, a rodent displaying a seasonal control of reproduction, melatonin synthesis is strongly gated to the second part of the night. Indeed, exogenous adrenergic stimulation is unable to stimulate Aa-nat gene transcription and melatonin synthesis during daytime. In the present study, we investigated whether ICER may be the cause of this daytime repression by comparing the dynamic of ICER and the adrenergic regulation of two genes whose expression is rapidly activated by cAMP-dependant mechanisms, c-fos and Icer. Adrenergic induction of c-fos and Icer expression was not possible during daytime, except at early day. ICER immunoreactivity was elevated throughout the daily cycle but reached the highest levels at early day, when gene expression can be induced by adrenergic agonists. Additionally, CREB phosphorylation was subjected to the same daily gating with an adrenergic induction occurring in the early but not in the late day. Taken together, our results indicate that the diurnal gating of pineal activity in the Syrian hamster is not caused by the repressor ICER and that it may occur at the level of noradrenergic receptor signalling.

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Differential Expression of Activator Protein-1 Proteins in the Pineal Gland of Syrian Hamster and Rat May Explain Species Diversity in Arylalkylamine N-Acetyltransferase Gene Expression

Cited by 12 publications

References 42 publications

Plasma corticosterone elevation inhibits the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB) in the Syrian hamster pineal gland

Plasma corticosterone elevation inhibits the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB) in the Syrian hamster pineal gland

The Role of Repressor Proteins in the Adrenergic Induction of Type II Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Rat Pinealocytes

Daytime Gating in the Syrian Hamster Pineal Gland

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