Differential Expression of Flavonoid Biosynthesis Genes and Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum)

Abstract

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) is a short-season grain crop that is a source of rutin and other phenolic compounds. In this study, we isolated the cDNAs of 11 F. esculentum enzymes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, namely, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL) 1 and 2, chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), flavone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H), flavonol synthase (FLS) 1 and 2, and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that these genes were most highly expressed in the stems and roots. However, high performance liquid chromatography analysis indicated that their flavonoid products, such as rutin and catechin, accumulated in the flowers and leaves. These results suggested that flavonoids may be transported within F. esculentum. In addition, light and dark growth conditions affected the expression levels of the biosynthesis genes and accumulation of phenolic compounds in F. esculentum sprouts.

Functional Promiscuity of Two Divergent Paralogs of Type III Plant Polyketide Synthases

“…List of fragment ions generated in the mass spectrum and tandem mass spectrum related to the peptide identification from the tryptic digests of ReCHS1 and ReCHS2 proteins Table S2). A similar trend for rutin accumulation was reported in F. esculentum, which has been well studied for rutin and its biosynthetic machinery (Li et al, 2010).…”

Identification of polyphenolic compounds and determination of antioxidant activity in extracts and infusions of buckwheat leaves

“…This polyphenolic compound has strong antioxidant activity which was confirmed in in vivo studies [27][28][29]. Li et al [30], who studied the ethanolic extract, have reported that leaves of common buckwheat contained 2.07/100 mg DW of ferulic acid. According to the best knowledge of authors there was no information concerning the identification of ferulic acid as well as sinapinic acid and p-coumaric acid in infusions prepared from the buckwheat leaves.…”

“…Li et al [30] showed that leaves of buckwheat contained rutin, but they did not identified quercetin. Also Zielińska et al [31] reported that leaves of common and tartary buckwheat were a good source of rutin.…”

Effect of Supplemental Light on the Quality of Green Asparagus Spears in Winter ‘Fusekomi’ Forcing Culture

“…In the mother-fern culture during summer to autumn harvest, by improved the light environment rutin content become significantly high (Maeda et al, 2010). Study in buckwheat showed that rutin getting higher according to the light such as UV-B specifically (Lee et al, 2001;Kreft et al, 2002;Li et al, 2010;. The trial in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) also shows that flavonoids biosynthetic genes were effectively express by the induction of UV-B light and blue light, though none in dark condition (Kubasek et al, 1992;Fuglevand et al, 1996).…”

“…At the same time, unlike others plant such as, buckwheat, and arabidopsis, the enzymes involved in flavonoids biosynthesis pathways on asparagus have not been identified yet (Kubasek et al, 1992;Li et al, 2010;. Particular studies about mechanism of the rutin increase by supplemental lighting in asparagus from molecular biology aspect are needed.…”