Differential expression of glucose-regulated (grp78) and heat-shock-inducible (hsp70) genes during asexual development of Neurospora crassa

Häfker, Thomas; Techel, Dieter; Steier, Gaby; Rensing, Ludger

doi:10.1099/00221287-144-1-37

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The gene products of hsp70-1 and hsp70-2 (the latter gene encodes a mitochondrial protein) of N. crassa exert their function preferentially in acidic milieus and accumulate after incubation at 45°C, whereas the gene product of hsp70-3 is induced under insufficient phosphate conditions and not by heat shock (909). Members of this family were also shown to be induced during developmental changes (910). In T. reesei the transcription of HSP70 was strongly induced under anaerobic conditions (911).…”

Section: Heat Shock Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

Schmoll

Dattenböck

Carreras-Villaseñor

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

165

195

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SUMMARYThe genusTrichodermacontains fungi with high relevance for humans, with applications in enzyme production for plant cell wall degradation and use in biocontrol. Here, we provide a broad, comprehensive overview of the genomic content of these species for “hot topic” research aspects, including CAZymes, transport, transcription factors, and development, along with a detailed analysis and annotation of less-studied topics, such as signal transduction, genome integrity, chromatin, photobiology, or lipid, sulfur, and nitrogen metabolism inT. reesei,T. atroviride, andT. virens, and we open up new perspectives to those topics discussed previously. In total, we covered more than 2,000 of the predicted 9,000 to 11,000 genes of eachTrichodermaspecies discussed, which is >20% of the respective gene content. Additionally, we considered available transcriptome data for the annotated genes. Highlights of our analyses include overall carbohydrate cleavage preferences due to the different genomic contents and regulation of the respective genes. We found light regulation of many sulfur metabolic genes. Additionally, a new Golgi 1,2-mannosidase likely involved inN-linked glycosylation was detected, as were indications for the ability ofTrichodermaspp. to generate hybrid galactose-containingN-linked glycans. The genomic inventory of effector proteins revealed numerous compounds unique toTrichoderma, and these warrant further investigation. We found interesting expansions in theTrichodermagenus in several signaling pathways, such as G-protein-coupled receptors, RAS GTPases, and casein kinases. A particularly interesting feature absolutely unique toT. atrovirideis the duplication of the alternative sulfur amino acid synthesis pathway.

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Section: Heat Shock Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

Schmoll

Dattenböck

Carreras-Villaseñor

et al. 2016

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

165

195

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In contrast, no Neurospora HSFs have yet been isolated, although HSPs are expressed in this organism during heat shock and cell differentiation (14,19) suggesting that, as seen for other organisms, the Neurospora HSF(s) is required for development. Neurospora crassa undergoes both sexual and asexual developmental cycles.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurospora crassa heat shock factor 1 Is an Essential Gene; a Second Heat Shock Factor-Like Gene, hsf2 , Is Required for Asexual Spore Formation

et al. 2008

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Appropriate responses of organisms to heat stress are essential for their survival. In eukaryotes, adaptation to high temperatures is mediated by heat shock transcription factors (HSFs). HSFs regulate the expression of heat shock proteins, which function as molecular chaperones assisting in protein folding and stability. In many model organisms a great deal is known about the products of hsf genes. An important exception is the filamentous fungus and model eukaryote Neurospora crassa. Here we show that two Neurospora crassa genes whose protein products share similarity to known HSFs play different biological roles. We report that heat shock factor 1 (hsf1) is an essential gene and that hsf2 is required for asexual development. Conidiation may be blocked in the hsf2 knockout (hsf2 KO ) strain because HSF2 is an integral element of the conidiation pathway or because it affects the availability of protein chaperones. We report that genes expressed during conidiation, for example fluffy, conidiation-10, and repressor of conidiation-1 show wild-type levels of expression in a hsf2 KO strain. However, consistent with the lack of macroconidium development, levels of eas are much reduced. Cultures of the hsf2 KO strain along with two other aconidial strains, the fluffy and aconidial-2 strains, took longer than the wild type to recover from heat shock. Altered expression profiles of hsp90 and a putative hsp90-associated protein in the hsf2 KO strain after exposure to heat shock may in part account for its reduced ability to cope with heat stress.

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“…Thus, a high concentration of trehalose and large amounts of stress-response proteins likely render conidiospores resistant to a variety of environmental stresses. In addition, these proteins may be important for the correct folding of newly synthesized proteins and might play a role in the expression of new proteins required during conidial development and subsequent germination (26,60). Recently, circadianly regulated transcripts for three trehalose 6-phosphate synthase isoforms were isolated in FIG.…”

Section: Vol 1 2002mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other fungi, the production of stress response proteins also increases during sporulation (30,34,64), and in N. crassa, the highest levels of the stress-response proteins GRP78 and HSP70, which are involved in the transport, folding, and assembly of newly synthesized proteins, are observed in conidiating aerial hyphae and in dormant conidia (23,26,52). Thus, a high concentration of trehalose and large amounts of stress-response proteins likely render conidiospores resistant to a variety of environmental stresses.…”

Section: Vol 1 2002mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurospora Clock-Controlled Gene 9 ( ccg-9 ) Encodes Trehalose Synthase: Circadian Regulation of Stress Responses and Development

et al. 2002

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The circadian clock of Neurospora crassa regulates the rhythmic expression of a number of genes encoding diverse functions which, as an ensemble, are adaptive to life in a rhythmic environment of alternating levels of light and dark, warmth and coolness, and dryness and humidity. Previous differential screens have identified a number of such genes based solely on their cycling expression, including clock-controlled gene 9 (ccg-9). Sequence analysis now shows the predicted CCG-9 polypeptide to be homologous to a novel form of trehalose synthase; as such it would catalyze the synthesis of the disaccharide trehalose, which plays an important role in protecting many cells from environmental stresses. Consistent with this, heat, glucose starvation, and osmotic stress induce ccg-9 transcript accumulation. Surprisingly, however, a parallel role in development is suggested by the finding that inactivation of ccg-9 results in altered conidiophore morphology and abolishes the normal circadian rhythm of asexual macroconidial development. Examination of a clock component, FRQ, in the ccg-9-null strain revealed normal cycling, phosphorylation, and light induction, indicating that loss of the conidiation rhythm is not due to changes in either the circadian oscillator or light input into the clock but pointing instead to a defect in circadian output. These data imply an interplay between a role of trehalose in stress protection and an apparent requirement for trehalose in clock regulation of conidiation under constant environmental conditions. This requirement can be bypassed by a daily light signal which drives a lightentrained rhythm in conidiation in the ccg-9-null strain; this bypass suggests that the trehalose requirement is related to clock control of development and not to the developmental process itself. Circadian control of trehalose synthase suggests a link between clock control of stress responses and that of development.Organisms ranging from bacteria to mammals possess an endogenous mechanism that temporally organizes biochemical, cellular, and behavioral activities. These daily rhythms are produced by the circadian biological clock and are manifested by the cyclic expression of genes and gene products controlled by one or more output pathways from the clock. Circadian rhythms are coordinated with exogenous environmental cycles to limit activities to particular times of the day, thus allowing organisms to anticipate daily changes in their environment and to organize their metabolism and behavior appropriately (reviewed in reference 21).The molecular mechanisms underlying circadian rhythmicity in Neurospora crassa are beginning to be understood. Components of the oscillator and input pathways of the clock have been identified and include FRQ, WC-1, and WC-2 (reviewed in references 19, 42, and 44). In addition, 12 clock-controlled genes (ccgs) have been identified in screens targeting output pathways (10,43,67), and several additional genes (con-6, con-10, al-3, bli-3, and vvd) are also known to be regulated by t...

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Differential expression of glucose-regulated (grp78) and heat-shock-inducible (hsp70) genes during asexual development of Neurospora crassa

Cited by 26 publications

References 40 publications

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

The Genomes of Three Uneven Siblings: Footprints of the Lifestyles of Three Trichoderma Species

Neurospora crassa heat shock factor 1 Is an Essential Gene; a Second Heat Shock Factor-Like Gene, hsf2 , Is Required for Asexual Spore Formation

Neurospora Clock-Controlled Gene 9 ( ccg-9 ) Encodes Trehalose Synthase: Circadian Regulation of Stress Responses and Development

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