Differential expression of H19 and vitamin D3 upregulated protein 1 as a mechanism of the modulatory effects of high virgin olive oil and high corn oil diets on experimental mammary tumours

Abstract

Dietary lipids have a role in the aetiology of breast cancer. We have reported earlier that a high corn oil diet downregulates H19 and vitamin D3 upregulated protein 1 (VDUP1) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in rat dimethylbenz (alpha) anthracene-induced mammary adenocarcinomas in comparison with the control low-fat diet, this effect being associated with a higher degree of tumour malignancy. This result was compatible with the stimulating effect of this diet. In this study we have investigated the influence of a high extra virgin olive diet on H19 and VDUP1 mRNA and/or protein expression. We have shown earlier that this high-fat diet confers to the tumours a more benign phenotype in accordance with its potential protective effect on mammary cancer. We have also analysed the effects on the mRNA and protein expression of insulin-like growth factor-2 , in close relation with H19, and the expression and activity of the thioredoxin protein, negatively regulated by VDUP1. mRNA and protein expression were analysed by chemiluminescent northern blot and western blot, respectively. Thioredoxin activity was determined by the insulin-reducing assay. The results showed that the high olive oil diet does not change the tumour expression of H19 and VDUP1. Moreover, tumours from the animals fed this diet displayed higher levels of the insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNAs, which are related to a higher rate of degradation or a lower traducibility. Finally, tumour expression and activity levels of thioredoxin-1 protein did not change irrespective of the diet. These results suggest that the differential effects of high olive oil and high corn oil diets on mammary cancer are exerted by means of a different, specific influence on gene expression.

Circulating long non-coding RNAs in cancer: current status and future perspectives

“…Furthermore, CNVs that cause lncRNA deregulation have been shown to play a role in the occurrence of various diseases [ 83 – 85 ], and this type of polymorphism might contribute to differences in lncRNA expression among individuals as well as in the levels of specific circulating lncRNAs. Among donor-related factors, diet is a critical potential confounder in lncRNA studies [ 86 , 87 ]: many of the lncRNAs contained in food could be largely indistinguishable from endogenous lncRNAs at the sequence and/or function level once they enter the circulation and could cause changes in lncRNA concentrations via homeostatic mechanisms that regulate circulating lncRNA-containing vehicles (including lipoprotein particles and exosomes). As the influence of diet and other external factors, such as physical activity, cannot be considered during case selection for circulating lncRNA studies, the measured lncRNA levels could represent a summary of individual behavior rather than of a specific disease state.…”

High corn oil and extra virgin olive oil diets and experimental mammary carcinogenesis: clinicopathological and immunohistochemical p21Ha-Ras expression study

“…In this model, we have previously demonstrated a tumour-enhancing effect of a high corn oil diet and a negative modulatory effect of a high extra virgin olive oil diet on clinical mammary carcinogenesis and on the histopathological features of the carcinomas [18,19]. We have also investigated several molecular mechanisms to gain insight into the complex pathways underlying these modulatory effects [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. In this sense, we recently showed that high extra virgin olive oil diet decreases Ras activity, while high corn oil diet stimulates breast cancer without affecting Ras-cell signalling pathways [28].…”

The functional role of long non-coding RNA in digestive system carcinomas

“…Solanas et al had reported that H19 was down-regulated by a high corn oil diet and being associated with the degree of tumour malignancy [7]. Another study showed that BC200 RNA was expressed in esophageal cancer, but not in corresponding normal tissue.…”