Differential Expression of<i>Trichoderma harzianum</i>Chitinases During Mycoparasitism

Haran, Shoshan; Schickler, Hedva; Oppenheim, A.; Chet, I.

doi:10.1094/phyto-86-980

Cited by 119 publications

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“…Different mechanisms have been suggested as being responsible for their biocontrol activity, which include competition for space and nutrients, secretion of chitinolytic enzymes, mycoparasitism and production of inhibitory compounds (Haram et al 1996;Zimand et al 1996). Nevertheless, the biocontrol activity of T. harzianum could be affected by environmental cues, that include among others, the presence of plant nutrients at the field level, which contain growth regulators as auxins in their formulations (AFIPA, 1993(AFIPA, -1994.…”

Section: Article Abstract Article References Abstract Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Plant Growth Regulators and Of A Alternata On Thementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then, the presence of this pathogen would stimulate one of the mechanisms T. harzianum uses for its biocontroller activity. The differential expression of isoenzymes of endo-CH by Trichoderma has been described during the mycoparasitism of this fungus on pathogens (Haram et al 1996), thus accounting for its antagonism against several fungal pathogens.It may be concluded that the presence of growth regulators does not affect the ability of T. harzianum to control A. alternata. Also, their presence could benefit plant from the elicitor activity of this Trichoderma that induces plant defense mechanisms against invading phytopathogens.…”

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In vitro biocontrol activity of Trichoderma harzianum on Alternaria alternata in the presence of growth regulators

Roco¹,

Pérez²

2001

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

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Reprint (BIP) Reprint (PDF)The in vitro biocontrol ability of Trichoderma harzianum on the phytopathogen Alternaria alternata improved in the presence of the growth regulators gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), or indolacetic acid (IAA) or benzylaminopurine (BAP) or foliar nutrient at concentrations similar or higher than those used at the field level. These plant hormones decreased the secretion of endopolygalacturonase (endo-PG) of A. alternata by approximately 20%, did not modify endochitinase (endo-CH) secretion of T. harzianum and did not alter germination of conidia or mycelia growth of any of these fungi. The presence of T. harzianum decreased endo-PGase secretion of A. alternata by about 50%. This inhibitory effect was independent of the presence of growth regulators. The level of secreted endo-PG of T. harzianum was not modified by the presence of A. alternata, but the presence of this phytopathogen in cultures of T. harzianum, increased both the growth of the biocontroller and its secretion of endo-CH. Article Abstract Article References Abstract ArticleTrichoderma harzianum is an efficient biocontrol agent that is commercially produced to prevent development of several soil pathogenic fungi. Different mechanisms have been suggested as being responsible for their biocontrol activity, which include competition for space and nutrients, secretion of chitinolytic enzymes, mycoparasitism and production of inhibitory compounds (Haram et al. 1996;Zimand et al. 1996). Nevertheless, the biocontrol activity of T. harzianum could be affected by environmental cues, that include among others, the presence of plant nutrients at the field level, which contain growth regulators as auxins in their formulations (AFIPA, 1993(AFIPA, -1994. The presence of growth regulators in the soil could come from applications done to the foliar portion of plants or to fruits, where part of applications fall either directly or from plants into the soil. They could also come from treatments of tubers with auxins, which are used to stimulate budding after seeding; or from soil microorganisms. In fact, it has been described that some fungal pathogens are able not only to induce increased levels of IAA in their respective hosts, but are themselves capable of producing IAA which is directly released into the soil (Agrios, 1997). Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which causes crown gall on more than one hundred plant species, produces and contains genes coding for IAA and cytokinin production. Other bacteria, such as Pseudomonas savastanoi, code for IAA synthesis not only in genes contained in its plasmid but also in its chromosome (Agrios, 1997). In addition, the direct use of cytokinins has been also described to reduce virus multiplication and local lesions in several plant species (Agrios, 1997). Therefore, it seemed important to analyze if commonly used plant growth regulators such as auxins, cytokinins and gibberelic acid, that are applied to different plant species or that are produced by soil microorganisms, could affect the biocontrol act...

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Section: Article Abstract Article References Abstract Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Plant Growth Regulators and Of A Alternata On Thementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro biocontrol activity of Trichoderma harzianum on Alternaria alternata in the presence of growth regulators

Roco¹,

Pérez²

2001

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

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“…Production of chitinase by T. harzianum was reported during mycoparasitism, however its productivity depended on fungal host and parasitic time (Haram et al, 1996;;Cheng et al, 2015). In all successful stories, Trichoderma isolates were used against a number of pathogens, however the case is completely different in nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the Biocontrol Efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum JF419706 through Cell Wall Degrading Enzyme Production

Alamri¹,

Mostafa²,

Hashem³

et al. 2016

IJAB

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The goal of this study was to enhance the biocontrol efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum JF419706 via its mycoparastic affinity as well as inducing the production of cell wall degrading enzymes. Different carbon and nitrogen sources were added to the growing medium of T. harzianum JF419706 to induce cell wall degrading enzymes. Production conditions of the target enzymes were optimized. The mycoparasitic affinity was induced by induction of the mutation of T. harzianum JF419706 by ethidium bromide and UV radiation. Results indicated that 4 days was appropriate to achieve the maximum production of the enzymes. The slight acidic pH (5.5-6.0) was more favorable for production of enzymes. The results exposed that chitin was responsible for improvement in the productivity of all tested enzymes, except the protease that was improved only by casein. All enzymes exhibited a high level of activity in media supplemented with yeast extract. Ethidium bromide in concentration either 0.5 or 1.0 mg mL -1 enhanced the mycoparasitic affinity of T. harzianum JF419706 more than UV radiation. However, both treatments enhanced the mycoparasitic affinity of the biocontrol agent compared with the wild type. This observation was confirmed by RAPD-PCR technique using primers chitinase (C15) and R2 that succeeded to differentiate among the mutants and the wild isolate.

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“…The species is characterized by rapid growth, abundant sporulation, and production of long-lived and durable chlamydospores [5]. Various strains produce interesting antibiotic compounds and a battery of lytic enzymes [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. The mycoparasitic properties of Trichoderma spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitiveness of a Genetically Engineered Strain of Trichoderma virens

Weaver¹,

Kenerley

2008

Mycopathologia

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The intraspecific competitiveness of a genetically engineered strain of Trichoderma virens was assessed relative to the non-transformed, progenitor strain and an isogenic, auxotrophic strain using a replacement series design. The transformed strain was less fit, but appeared more competitive than the wild type or the auxotroph in this assay. To validate this finding and to evaluate the ability of a strain to establish in an environment occupied by a competitor another experimental approach was developed. In various treatments the transformed strain was unaffected or only slightly inhibited by a competing strain. In contrast, the wild type and the auxotrophic strain were strongly inhibited by the presence of the transformed strain. These findings support the conclusion that this genetically engineered strain is more competitive than the wild-type strain and thus may be persistent in the environment.

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Differential Expression ofTrichoderma harzianumChitinases During Mycoparasitism

Cited by 119 publications

References 0 publications

In vitro biocontrol activity of Trichoderma harzianum on Alternaria alternata in the presence of growth regulators

In vitro biocontrol activity of Trichoderma harzianum on Alternaria alternata in the presence of growth regulators

Enhancing the Biocontrol Efficiency of Trichoderma harzianum JF419706 through Cell Wall Degrading Enzyme Production

Competitiveness of a Genetically Engineered Strain of Trichoderma virens

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