Differential Expression of Interferon Alpha and Beta Induced with Newcastle Disease Virus in Mouse Macrophage Cultures

Abstract

SUMMARYStimulation of mouse macrophages with Newcastle disease virus (NDV) leads to a rapid and high interferon (IFN) response. The magnitude of this response is influenced by the mouse genotype. We have analysed NDV-induced IFN production at the protein and mRNA levels in two different populations of macrophages derived from 'high producer' C57BL/6 and 'low producer' BALB/c mice in vitro. The data indicate that bone marrow and peritoneal macrophages from both strains grown in the presence of L cell conditioned medium (CM) as a source of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (M-CSF) or purified murine M-CSF produce 10-to 50-fold more IFN on a per cell basis than cultures of resident peritoneal macrophages. These differences were also found when steady state levels of IFN mRNA were analysed. Differential analysis for the ratios of IFN-c~ and IFN-/~ showed that CM-or M-CSF-cultured macrophages produced equal amounts of both IFN species as determined by specific monoclonal antibodies and hybridization experiments using IFN-~ and IFN-/~ DNA probes, whereas resident peritoneal macrophages induced under identical conditions produced Mmost exclusively IFN-/L This suggests a stimulating effect of M-CSF on IFN synthesis in NDV-induced cultures of mouse macrophages, which is in part due to additional activation of IFN-c~ gene expression.

Review of Newcastle disease virus with particular references to immunity and vaccination

“…Moreover, lentogenic NDV induced expression of mRNA transcripts in primary chicken macrophages ( Sick et al, 1998) and transcripts were detected by in situ hybridisation using riboprobes in formalin fixed tissue sections of lymphoid tissues and spleens of chickens infected with velogenic NDV (Brown et al, 1999b). It was already known that NDV stimulates the production of interferon a and p by murine macrophages (Hoss et al, 1989) and of interferon-y by murine T cells. Whether interferon production interferes with NDV replication and spreading in vivo has, however, not been investigated.…”

Pathogen-Triggered Activation of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Induces IL-10–Producing B Cells in Response to Staphylococcus aureus

“…Ig (IVIg, Kiovig; Baxter, Unterschleissheim, Germany), human Fc fragments and goat anti-human IgM plus IgA plus IgG H+L F(ab9) 2 fragments (5 mg/ml, for BCR stimulation) (Jackson ImmunoResearch, Suffolk, U.K.), TNF neutralizing mAb adalimumab (Humira; Abbott, Ludwigshafen, Germany) (0.5 ml/well), human TNF (R&D Systems) (10 ng/ml); inhibitors: cytochalasin D and CA-074 Me (Biomol, Hamburg, Germany) (dissolved in DMSO; Sigma-Aldrich), chloroquine (dissolved in distilled H 2 O; SigmaAldrich). Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was a gift from R. Zawatzky and was purified as previously described (28). The NDV preparation had a titer of 1600 hemagglutination units and was diluted at 1:500 for stimulation.…”

Induction of Type I IFN Is a Physiological Immune Reaction to Apoptotic Cell-Derived Membrane Microparticles

“…Synthetic TLR7 and TLR9 agonists were used as controls: these included R848 (1 mg/ml; InvivoGen, Toulouse, France), loxoribine (7-allyl-8-oxoguanosine; Sigma), and CpG 2216 (59-ggGGGACGATCGTCgggggG-39; small letters indicate phosphorothioate modification; 1 mM) and CpG 2006 (59-tcgtcgttttgtcgttttgtcgtt-39; 1 mM) (both from MWG Biotech, Munich, Germany). Newcastle disease virus (NDV) (provided by R. Zawatzky, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany) was prepared as described (37); for stimulation, the NDV preparation (1.6 3 10 3 HAU) was diluted at 1/500. One microgram of DNA purified from Staphylococcus aureus SA 113 WT complexed with Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen) was isolated and used as previously described (13).…”