Differential Expression of Motilin Receptor in Various Parts of Gastrointestinal Tract in Dogs

He, Yu; Wang, Hui; Yang, DongYan; Wang, ChengYan; Yang, Lifang; Jin, Chunxiang

doi:10.1155/2015/970940

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These observations indicate that motilin can cause GI contractions via activation of enteric neurons in in vitro . Immunohistochemical and molecular biological studies indicated the presence of the MLN-Rs in the enteric plexus ( 21 ).…”

Section: Gi Motility-stimulating Actions In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structure-function relationship studies examined contraction and binding affinities of motilin fragments indicated the presence of three distinct regions in the motilin sequence, and these regions were suggested to have different functions. An in vitro study on rabbit duodenum contractile activity and displacement of [ 125 I]-motilin binding in the rabbit antral membrane indicated that the N-terminal [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] is the minimum basic structure for binding and biological activity, the transit region [8][9] connects the N-terminal and C-terminal regions, and the C-terminal [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] forms an a-helix to stabilize the binding of the N-terminal and MLN-Rs (50,51). On the other hand, an in vivo study in which GI motility was measured in conscious dogs indicated that the N-terminal is important for eliciting biological activities and that the middle and C-terminal portions are essential for preventing from the enzyme degradation (51).…”

Section: Characterizations Of Motilin Sequence On Vertebrates Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Motilin-induced actions are mediated by a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), GPR 38, called the motilin receptor (MLN-R), and which is mainly located on enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells of the GI tract in addition to its expression in the GI mucosa (21,22). The presence of MLN-Rs in the central nervous system (CNS) has been also indicated (5,23,24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motilin Comparative Study: Structure, Distribution, Receptors, and Gastrointestinal Motility

Kitazawa

Kaiya

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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Motilin, produced in endocrine cells in the mucosa of the upper intestine, is an important regulator of gastrointestinal (GI) motility and mediates the phase III of interdigestive migrating motor complex (MMC) in the stomach of humans, dogs and house musk shrews through the specific motilin receptor (MLN-R). Motilin-induced MMC contributes to the maintenance of normal GI functions and transmits a hunger signal from the stomach to the brain. Motilin has been identified in various mammals, but the physiological roles of motilin in regulating GI motility in these mammals are well not understood due to inconsistencies between studies conducted on different species using a range of experimental conditions. Motilin orthologs have been identified in non-mammalian vertebrates, and the sequence of avian motilin is relatively close to that of mammals, but reptile, amphibian and fish motilins show distinctive different sequences. The MLN-R has also been identified in mammals and non-mammalian vertebrates, and can be divided into two main groups: mammal/bird/reptile/amphibian clade and fish clade. Almost 50 years have passed since discovery of motilin, here we reviewed the structure, distribution, receptor and the GI motility regulatory function of motilin in vertebrates from fish to mammals.

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Section: Gi Motility-stimulating Actions In Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterizations Of Motilin Sequence On Vertebrates Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motilin Comparative Study: Structure, Distribution, Receptors, and Gastrointestinal Motility

Kitazawa

Kaiya

2021

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Motilin may thus be able to induce phase III of the MMC in an endocrine pathway, acting directly on the smooth muscles since the motilin receptors are present there (267). However, the substantial portion of motilin receptors occurs also in nerves (107,267). It is possible that the greater motilin receptor density, as present in the intestinal smooth muscle, unlike in nerves, may be required to induce the MMC.…”

Section: Motilinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of the enteric nervous system in the control of the migrating motility complex

Romanski

2017

Acta Physiol Hung

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The migrating motility complex (MMC), a cyclical phenomenon, represents rudimentary motility pattern in the gastrointestinal tract. The MMC is observed mostly in the stomach and gut of man and numerous animal species. It contains three or four phases, while its phase III is the most characteristic. The mechanisms controlling the pattern are unclear in part, although the neural control of the MMC seems crucial. The main goal of this article was to discuss the importance of intrinsic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract in MMC initiation, migration, and cessation to emphasize that various MMC-controlling mechanisms act through the enteric nervous system. Two main neural regions, central and peripheral, are able to initiate the MMC. However, central regulation of the MMC may require cooperation with the enteric nervous system. When central mechanisms are not active, the MMC can be initiated peripherally in any region of the small bowel. The enteric nervous system affects the MMC in response to the luminal stimuli which can contribute to the initiation and cessation of the cycle, and it may evoke irregular phasic contractions within the pattern. The hormonal regulators released from the endocrine cells may exert a modulatory effect upon the MMC mostly through the enteric nervous system. Their central action could also be considered. It can be concluded that the enteric nervous system is involved in the great majority of the MMC-controlling mechanisms.

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“…The para n-embedded tissues were cut into 4-μm sections, depara nised, rehydrated, boiled in retrieval solution and washed in PBS. After blocking in normal horse serum for 30 min, the sections were incubated with rabbit anti-dog MLNR antibody (1:100; RaQualia Pharma Inc., Taketoyo, Japan) overnight at 4°C [14]. The next day, the sections were incubated with biotinylated goat anti-rabbit antibody (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated avidin (Sigma, Shanghai, China) for 30 min at room temperature.…”

Section: Immunostaining Of Mlnr Immunohistochemical Staining Of Mlnrmentioning

confidence: 99%

The overlooked background of gastric MMC III: the signalling pathways of motilin receptors inducing canine left gastric artery relaxation

Li¹,

Yang²,

Jin³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: In diabetic patients with gastroparesis, the gastric blood supply is often decreased and delayed gastric emptying associating MMCIII absence is the main symptom. Under physiological conditions, motilin has been shown to induce a sustained increase in left gastric artery (LGA) blood flow and initiate MMC phase III simultaneously. The study aimed to elucidating the signal transduction pathways of motilin receptors (MLNRs) in the relaxation of LGA.Methods: MLNR expression in the LGA was analysed by immunohistochemistry. Motilin-induced relaxation of the LGA was tested in a multi-wire myograph system. Effects of inhibitors or blockers in the signal transduction pathway were observed.Results: Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining showed that the MLNRs were on the membranes of endothelial cells. Motilin relaxed U46619 pre-contracted canine LGA rings in a concentration-dependent manner, with an EC50 value of 9.010 ± 0.789 × 10−8 M. Motilin’s effect was inhibited by denuded endothelium but not by muscarinic receptor inhibitors. The effect was selectively and competitively inhibited by Phe-cyclo[Lys-Tyr(3-tBu)-Ala-]•trifluoroacetate (GM-109; MLNR antagonist) and completely or partially inhibited by inhibitors of the G protein–phospholipase C–inositol trisphosphate (G pr–PLC–IP3) and nitric oxide synthase–nitric oxide–soluble guanylyl cyclase (NOS–NO–sGC) signal transduction pathway, inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and myoendothelial gap junction, blockers of the potassium channel and low/free Ca2+ Krebs solutions, but not by inhibitors of protein kinase C, protein kinase A or L-type voltage-operated Ca2+ channel.Conclusions: MLNRs were on the membranes of endothelial cells of canine LGA. The main intracellular signal transduction pathway was motilin–MLNR–G pr–PLC–IP3–NOS–NO–sGC–cGMP. These results may provide a new theoretical basis for research on diabetic gastroparesis.

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Differential Expression of Motilin Receptor in Various Parts of Gastrointestinal Tract in Dogs

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Motilin Comparative Study: Structure, Distribution, Receptors, and Gastrointestinal Motility

Motilin Comparative Study: Structure, Distribution, Receptors, and Gastrointestinal Motility

Importance of the enteric nervous system in the control of the migrating motility complex

The overlooked background of gastric MMC III: the signalling pathways of motilin receptors inducing canine left gastric artery relaxation

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