Differential Expression of Mucins in Murine Olfactory Versus Respiratory Epithelium

Kennel, Christopher; Gould, Elizabeth; Larson, Eric D.; Salcedo, Ernesto E.; Vickery, Thad W.; Restrepo, Diego; Ramakrishnan, Vijay R.

doi:10.1093/chemse/bjz046

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The upregulation of two genes responsible for extracellular matrix, GMP giant mucus protein and mucin 5b , implies that mucus physiology is affected by the oxidant and that the changes in these two genes underline their function in providing a layer of protective defence at the mucosa. Two related genes have been shown to participate in modulating the mucus layer of the olfactory epithelium in mammalian models [ 43 , 44 ], and they likely exert a similar function in the nasal mucosa of salmon. However, this must be functionally ascertained in the future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Chemical Stressors Alter the Physiological State of the Nasal Olfactory Mucosa of Atlantic Salmon

et al. 2020

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The olfactory organs of fish have vital functions for chemosensory and defence. Though there have been some ground-breaking discoveries of their involvement in immunity against pathogens in recent years, little is known about how they respond to non-infectious agents, such as exogenous oxidants, which fish encounter regularly. To this end, we employed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) as a model to study the molecular responses at the nasal olfactory mucosa of a teleost fish when challenged with oxidants. Microarray analysis was employed to unravel the transcriptional changes at the nasal olfactory mucosa following two types of in vivo exposure to peracetic acid (PAA), a highly potent oxidative agent commonly used in aquaculture: Trial 1: periodic and low dose (1 ppm, every 3 days over 45 days) to simulate a routine disinfection; and Trial 2: less frequent and high dose (10 ppm for 30 min, every 15 days, 3 times) to mimic a bath treatment. Furthermore, leukocytes from the olfactory organ were isolated and exposed to PAA, as well as to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and acetic acid (AA)—the two other components of PAA trade products—to perform targeted cellular and molecular response profiling. In the first trial, microarrays identified 32 differentially expressed genes (DEG) after a 45-day oxidant exposure. Erythrocyte-specific genes were overly represented and substantially upregulated following exogenous oxidant exposure. In Trial 2, in which a higher dose was administered, 62 DEGs were identified, over 80% of which were significantly upregulated after exposure. Genes involved in immune response, redox balance and stress, maintenance of cellular integrity and extracellular matrix were markedly affected by the oxidant. All chemical stimuli (i.e., PAA, H2O2, AA) significantly affected the proliferation of nasal leukocytes, with indications of recovery observed in PAA- and H2O2-exposed cells. The migration of nasal leukocytes was promoted by H2O2, but not much by PAA and AA. The three chemical oxidative stressors triggered oxidative stress in nasal leukocytes as indicated by an increase in the intracellular reactive oxygen species level. This resulted in the mobilisation of antioxidant defences in the nasal leukocytes as shown by the upregulation of crucial genes for this response network. Though qPCR revealed changes in the expression of selected cytokines and heat shock protein genes following in vitro challenge, the responses were stochastic. The results from the study advance our understanding of the role that the nasal olfactory mucosa plays in host defence, particularly towards oxidative chemical stressors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Chemical Stressors Alter the Physiological State of the Nasal Olfactory Mucosa of Atlantic Salmon

et al. 2020

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“…Under stringent conditions, differential proteins such as mucin 1 (Muc1), protein kinase C substrate 80K-H, mucin 19, cloverleaf factor 3, and β-defensin 1 (BD-1) were identified in Day10 compared with Day13 and Day10 compared with Day14 (Table 2). Of the 21 known mucin isozymes, mucins 1, 4, 5AC, and 8 are found in human sinus epithelium and mucins 1, 5B, and 8 in sinus glands [24][25][26][27] .Some mucins, including Muc1, have transmembrane peptides that bind to cell membranes, whereas others are secreted completely [28] , suggesting that mucin 1 may protect extremely sensitive structures such as olfactory neurons [29] .Bruch RC et al showed that protein kinase C (PKC), together with G protein-coupled receptor kinase, mediates signal termination through phosphorylation of odorant receptors and possibly other substrates and is involved in termination and desensitization of olfactory signals [30][31] . Li J et al [32] showed that TFF3 reversed depression-like behavior in olfactory bulbectomy rats by activating BDNF-ERK-CREB signaling.Baines KJ et al [33] showed that elevated β-defensin-1 protein is a feature of COPD and severe asthma, and dysregulated production of β-defensin-1 in epithelial cells of COPD patients demonstrates that it may be an effective biomarker and potential therapeutic target for COPD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different odors on the rat urine proteome

Liu,

Wang,

Gao

2024

Preprint

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Do rats have corresponding changes in their urinary proteome when smelling different odors? In this study, urine samples were collected from six rats after smelling sesame oil and essential balm for three days. And samples were collected before and on the third and fourth days. Comparing the urinary protein groups of Day0 and Day4 of the sesame oil group, 143 differential proteins were identified, and the average number of randomly generated differential proteins was 7.3, which means that about 95% of the differential proteins could not be randomly generated. in the sesame oil group, differential proteins such as low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 and fetuin B, a biomarker of COPD, which are associated with olfaction, were identified. While uteroglobulin, trichothecene factor 3, and visfatin 2 were identified in the essential balm group, which had significant changes and were related to the production of olfactory sensation. It is noteworthy that we identified odor-binding protein 2A in the essential balm group, which was present in the e-cigarette model. This study demonstrates that odor can affect rat urinary proteome, with different odors affecting it differently. This provides a new approach to explore the biological process of olfaction.

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“…A transcript coding for a gel-forming protein (mucin-5A) was included among the 32 transcripts (Table S5: B) and also upregulated between AF vs. NF (Table S4: A). Mucins are associated with olfaction in vertebrates [ 70 ], but in insects, mucins are associated with feeding and reproduction [ 71 , 72 ]. In D. melanogaster , it was observed that the expression of a mucin protein is regulated by an ABC transporter [ 73 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antennal transcriptome analysis reveals sensory receptors potentially associated with host detection in the livestock pest Lucilia cuprina

Wulff,

Hickner,

Watson

et al. 2024

Parasites Vectors

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Background Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is the main causative agent of flystrike of sheep in Australia and New Zealand. Female flies lay eggs in an open wound or natural orifice, and the developing larvae eat the host’s tissues, a condition called myiasis. To improve our understanding of host-seeking behavior, we quantified gene expression in male and female antennae based on their behavior. Methods A spatial olfactometer was used to evaluate the olfactory response of L. cuprina mated males and gravid females to fresh or rotting beef. Antennal RNA-Seq analysis was used to identify sensory receptors differentially expressed between groups. Results Lucilia cuprina females were more attracted to rotten compared to fresh beef (> fivefold increase). However, males and some females did not respond to either type of beef. RNA-Seq analysis was performed on antennae dissected from attracted females, non-attracted females and males. Transcripts encoding sensory receptors from 11 gene families were identified above a threshold (≥ 5 transcript per million) including 49 ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCs), two ammonium transporters (AMTs), 37 odorant receptors (ORs), 16 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 5 gustatory receptors (GRs), 22 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 9 CD36-sensory neuron membrane proteins (CD36/SNMPs), 4 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 4 myeloid lipid-recognition (ML) and Niemann-Pick C2 disease proteins (ML/NPC2), 2 pickpocket receptors (PPKs) and 3 transient receptor potential channels (TRPs). Differential expression analyses identified sex-biased sensory receptors. Conclusions We identified sensory receptors that were differentially expressed between the antennae of both sexes and hence may be associated with host detection by female flies. The most promising for future investigations were as follows: an odorant receptor (LcupOR46) which is female-biased in L. cuprina and Cochliomyia hominivorax Coquerel, 1858; an ABC transporter (ABC G23.1) that was the sole sensory receptor upregulated in the antennae of females attracted to rotting beef compared to non-attracted females; a female-biased ammonia transporter (AMT_Rh50), which was previously associated with ammonium detection in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen, 1830. This is the first report suggesting a possible role for ABC transporters in L. cuprina olfaction and potentially in other insects. Graphical Abstract

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Differential Expression of Mucins in Murine Olfactory Versus Respiratory Epithelium

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

Oxidative Chemical Stressors Alter the Physiological State of the Nasal Olfactory Mucosa of Atlantic Salmon

Oxidative Chemical Stressors Alter the Physiological State of the Nasal Olfactory Mucosa of Atlantic Salmon

Effect of different odors on the rat urine proteome

Antennal transcriptome analysis reveals sensory receptors potentially associated with host detection in the livestock pest Lucilia cuprina

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