Differential expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit messenger ribonucleic acids and immunoreactivity in the rat neostriatum during postnatal development

Lau, W.S.; Lui, P.W.; Wong, Chris K C; Chan, Ying-Shing; Yung, Kin Lam

doi:10.1016/s0197-0186(02)00191-2

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In contrast, no difference in the NMDA to non-NMDA ratio was observed between aged-matched ϩ/ϩ and NR2C Ϫ/Ϫ mice, suggesting that the NR2C subunit plays little role in determining synaptic NMDA receptors. Such findings are consistent with anatomical studies showing low abundance of this subunit in the striatum (Dunah and Standaert 2003;Lau et al 2003;Standaert et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Although the developmentally regulated expression of NR2 subunits in the striatum is observed as in the rest of the brain (Monyer et al 1994), the NR2B subunit is predominant compared with the NR2A subunit both during development and throughout adult life in rodents (Dunah and Standaert 2003;Lau et al 2003;Standaert et al 1994). Furthermore, studies of functional properties of striatal NMDA receptors at excitatory synapses (Chapman et al 2003;Colwell et al 1998;Wirkner et al 2004) suggest changes occur around the end of the second postnatal week.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Lasting NMDA Receptor-Mediated EPSCs in Mouse Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons

Logan

Partridge²,

Matta³

et al. 2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Logan SM, Partridge JG, Matta JA, Buonanno A, Vicini S. Long-lasting NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs in mouse striatal medium spiny neurons. J Neurophysiol 98: 2693-2704. First published September 5, 2007 doi:10.1152/jn.00462.2007. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) from dorsolateral medium spiny neurons (MSNs) were recorded in cortico-striatal slice preparations from postnatal day 6 -8 (P6-8) and ϾP12 wild-type mice and mice that were lacking either the NR2A or the NR2C subunit of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. EPSCs were elicited by stimulation of the excitatory afferents and the NMDA and non-NMDA receptormediated components were pharmacologically isolated. The ratio of these components decreased with development and was significantly reduced only between age-matched ϩ/ϩ and NR2A Ϫ/Ϫ neurons. In many MSNs, the NMDA-EPSC decay was characterized by the presence of a slow exponential component with a time constant lasting Ͼ1 s regardless of genotype or age. In the NR2A Ϫ/Ϫ, no developmental increase in the decay time (Tw) of the NMDA-EPSCs was observed although it was almost twofold longer than in ϩ/ϩ MSNs. NR1/NR2B antagonists were ineffective in reducing the slow NMDAEPSCs at all ages. Input-output studies revealed differences in stimulation threshold sensitivity of MSNs based on stimulus location. High-threshold responders were preferentially identified with stimulation from intracortical locations that produced considerably faster NMDA-EPSCs, whereas low-threshold responders were mainly elicited with stimulation more proximal to the striatum and exhibited slower NMDA-EPSCs. A low-affinity competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors failed to alter the decay of NMDA-EPSCs elicited from either location, suggesting that glutamate spillover is not responsible for the long-lasting NMDA-EPSCs. Our data are consistent with the expression of a unique NMDA receptor complex in MSNs with very slow deactivation kinetics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Lasting NMDA Receptor-Mediated EPSCs in Mouse Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons

Logan

Partridge²,

Matta³

et al. 2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…Specific antibodies against GluR2 and PV are of the same species origin and no co-localization experiments could therefore be performed. Consistent with our previous study [21], no PV immunoreactivity was detected in the striatum of rats at PND7 (fig. 3A).…”

Section: Expression Of Glur1-3 In Neurochemically Identified Striatalsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This decrease in expression is likely to be related to synaptic maturation in the striatum. Decreases in glutamate receptor subunit proteins such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are found in the striatum during postnatal development [21]. Interestingly, recent studies [12,31] provide a body of evidence that cross-talk between AMPA and NMDA receptors is essential in the formation of functional excitatory synapses in the hippocampus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differential Expression of α-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazole-Propionate Glutamate Receptors in the Rat Striatum during Postnatal Development

et al. 2003

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Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propio- nate (AMPA)-type glutamate receptors (GluR1–4) are one of the most important ionotropic glutamate receptors in the striatum, a key region of the basal ganglia. The present study investigated the trend of developmental expression of AMPA receptor subunits in the striatum of rats in different developmental stages, i.e., at postnatal day 7 (PND7), PND21 and adult. Perfuse-fixed striatal sections were used. The expression of AMPA subunits was studied by immunofluorescence and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RT-PCR revealed that the levels of expression of the GluR1 and GluR3 mRNAs were the same among the age groups. The level of GluR2 mRNA was highest in PND21 rats and lowest in adult. The highest level of GluR4 mRNA was detected in rats at PND7. Similar trends of GluR1, GluR2 and GluR2/3 immunoreactivity expression were observed using commercially available specific antibodies. In addition, a large proportion of parvalbumin-immunoreactive GABAergic interneurons in the striatum were found to display GluR1 immunoreactivity in PND21 and adult rats. In contrast, most of the choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive cholinergic interneurons were found to display GluR2 immunoreactivity but less GluR1 and no GluR2/3 immunoreactivity in PND21 and adult rats. The present study suggests that there is a distinct pattern of expression of AMPA-type receptor mRNAs and proteins in the rat striatum at different stages of development.

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Effect of impeller type on continuous‐flow mixing of non‐Newtonian fluids in stirred vessels through dynamic tests

2011

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Mixing of non‐Newtonian fluids with axial and radial flow impellers is prone to a significant extent of nonideal flows (e.g., dead zones and channelling) within the stirred reactors. To enhance the performance of the continuous‐flow mixing of pseudoplastic fluids with yield stress, close‐clearance impellers were utilised in this study. We explored the effects of various parameters such as the type of close‐clearance impeller (i.e., the double helical ribbon (DHR) and anchor impellers), impeller speed (25–500 rpm), impeller pumping direction, fluid rheology (0.5–1.5% xanthan gum solution), fluid flow rate (3.20–14.17 L min−1) and the locations of outlet (configurations: top inlet–top outlet, top inlet–bottom outlet) on the dynamic performance of the mixing vessel. The performance of the DHR impeller was then compared to the performance of various types of impellers such as axial‐flow (Lightnin A320) and radial‐flow (Scaba 6SRGT) impellers. The dynamic tests showed that the DHR impeller was the most efficient impeller for reducing the extent of nonideal flows in the continuous‐flow mixer among the impellers employed in this study. In addition, the mixing quality was further improved by optimising the power input, increasing the mean residence time, decreasing the fluid yield stress, using the up‐pumping impeller mode and using the top inlet–bottom outlet configuration. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering

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Differential expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit messenger ribonucleic acids and immunoreactivity in the rat neostriatum during postnatal development

Cited by 32 publications

References 63 publications

Long-Lasting NMDA Receptor-Mediated EPSCs in Mouse Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons

Long-Lasting NMDA Receptor-Mediated EPSCs in Mouse Striatal Medium Spiny Neurons

Differential Expression of α-Amino-3-Hydroxy-5-Methyl-4-Isoxazole-Propionate Glutamate Receptors in the Rat Striatum during Postnatal Development

Effect of impeller type on continuous‐flow mixing of non‐Newtonian fluids in stirred vessels through dynamic tests

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