Differential expression of S100 proteins in the developing human hippocampus and temporal cortex

Abstract

S100 calcium binding proteins have long been known to express in the adult nervous system, but their distribution in the developing brain, especially the human fetal brain, is largely unknown. We used an immunohistochemical method to determine the expression of three S100 proteins, namely S100A4, S100A5, and S100A13, in the human fetal hippocampus and temporal cortex from 12 to 33 weeks of gestation. At 12 weeks, S100A5 was strongly expressed in the cells and fibers of the polymorphic, pyramidal, and molecular layers of the hippocampus. Thereafter, its expression decreased with age. In the temporal cortex, S100A5 expression was detected from 12 weeks onwards, peaked at 20 to 24 weeks, and then decreased with age. The horizontal fibers of the marginal zone were immunoreactive at all stages examined. S100A13 immunoreactivity was also detected in both cells and fibers of the hippocampus at 12 weeks, became slightly stronger at 20 weeks, and then decreased with age. In the temporal cortex, S100A13 immunoreactivity was also strong in all cellular layers at 12 to 24 weeks before it declined with age from 28 weeks onwards. Among the three proteins examined, S100A4 showed the weakest expression, which was detected in the cells and fibers of the hippocampus and the temporal cortex at all stages examined. Our results have demonstrated for the first time, in the human fetal hippocampus and temporal cortex, specific spatio-temporal patterns of expression of these proteins, all of which are likely to have different roles to play during development despite their pronounced sequence homology.

S100A16, a Novel Calcium-binding Protein of the EF-hand Superfamily

“…However, S100A16 transcript levels were ten times higher when compared with S100A4 mRNA levels, a S100 protein involved in neuronal differentiation as well as in the response of astrocytes to degeneration of myelinated axons (52,53). Moreover, as reported for other members of the S100 protein family, brain expression gradually decreases with age (54). Indeed, S100 proteins exhibit specific spatiotemporal patterns of expression in agreement with the different roles they play during brain development (S100B, S100A6, S100A4, S100A5, and S100A13), or in cell cycle (S100B and S100A4) (54 -57).…”

Molecular basis of S100 proteins interacting with the p53 homologs p63 and p73

“…It is, therefore, reasonable to assume that the interactions with the paralogs p63 and p73 also occur in vivo. S100 proteins have been shown to be involved in differentiation processes and are usually expressed in a tissue-specific manner, and it is established that p63 and p73 are also involved in developmental processes (Fano et al, 1995;Zimmer et al, 1995;Ilg et al, 1996;Mills et al, 1999;Yang et al, 1999Yang et al, , 2000Chan et al, 2003;Donato, 2003;Buckiova and Syka, 2009;Vigliano et al, 2009). S100A2 has been shown to be a target gene of p63 and p73 (Lapi et al, 2006;Kirschner et al, 2008).…”

“…Several S100 proteins have been shown to be valuable biomarkers for cancerous diseases (Salama et al, 2008). Further, S100 proteins have been linked to processes of neuronal development, cell survival and differentiation (Chan et al, 2003;Buckiova and Syka, 2009). Similarly to calmodulin, the S100 proteins undergo a conformational change on Ca 2 þ binding.…”

Synergistic Ca2+ and Cu2+ requirements of the FGF1–S100A13 interaction measured by quartz crystal microbalance: An initial step in amlexanox-reversible non-classical release of FGF1

“…However, S100A13 has some different characteristics from 4 other S100s, as observed in its ubiquitous expression throughout the body (Ridinger et al, 2000;Chan et al, 2003). This suggests that S100A13 may have general roles in cell signaling.…”