Differential expression of two genes for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in tomato fruits.

Olson, David C.; White, Joseph A.; Edelman, Leonard; Harkins, Richard N.; Kende, Hans

doi:10.1073/pnas.88.12.5340

Cited by 154 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…ACS gene analysis of higher plants indicated that the ACS enzyme is encoded by a highly divergent multigene family, the members of which are subject to differential regulation by more than one inducer (Felix et al, 1991;Olson et al, 1991;Rottmann et al, 1991;Kim et al, 1992;Liang et al, 1992;Yip et al, 1992;Abel et al, 1995). However, in tomato at least two of the six members of the ACS gene family are responsible for the burst of ethylene production during fruit ripening (Lincoln et al, 1993), whereas expression of three of them can be strongly induced by an elicitor (Oetiker et al, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Allele of the Ripening-Specific 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthase Gene (ACS1) in Apple Fruit with a Long Storage Life1

et al. 1999

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An allele of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase gene (Md-ACS1), the transcript and translated product of which have been identified in ripening apples (Malus domestica), was isolated from a genomic library of the apple cultivar, Golden Delicious. The predicted coding region of this allele (ACS1-2) showed that seven nucleotide substitutions in the corresponding region of ACS1-1 resulted in just one amino acid transition. A 162-bp sequence characterized as a short interspersed repetitive element retrotransposon was inserted in the 5 -flanking region of ACS1-2 corresponding to position ؊781 in ACS1-1. The XhoI site located near the 3 end of the predicted coding region of ACS1-2 was absent from the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction product, revealing that exclusive transcription from ACS1-1 occurs during ripening of cv Golden Delicious fruit. DNA gel-blot and polymerase chain reaction analyses of genomic DNAs showed clearly that apple cultivars were either heterozygous for ACS1-1 and ACS1-2 or homozygous for each type. RNA gel-blot analysis of the ACS1-2 homozygous Fuji apple, which produces little ethylene and has a long storage life, demonstrated that the level of transcription from ACS1-2 during the ripening stage was very low.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Allele of the Ripening-Specific 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthase Gene (ACS1) in Apple Fruit with a Long Storage Life1

et al. 1999

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“…c D N k encoding the first of these, ACC-synthase, have been cloned by several groups (Nakaiima et a/., 1990;Olson et a/., 1991;SatoandTheologis, 1989;Sat0 eta/., 1991;Van Der Straeten eta/., 1990). AcDNA, pTOM 13, encoding the ethylene-forming enzyme (EFE), which catalyses the last step in the ethylene biosynthetic pathway was identified on the basis of inhibition of EFE activity in transgenic tomato plants expressing an antisense gene constructed from this clone (Hamilton eta/., 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered fruit ripening and leaf senescence in tomatoes expressing an antisense ethylene‐forming enzyme transgene

et al. 1993

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SummaryTomato plants in which the synthesis of ethyleneforming enzyme (EFE) had been inhibited by an antisense gene were used to study the role of ethylene in fruit ripening at the biochemical and molecular level. A reduction in total lycopene accumulation was observed in EFE-antisense fruit ripened both on and off the plant. The rate of over-ripening and fruit spoilage was also reduced in the EFE-antisense fruit The degree of inhibition of ripening was shown to be dependent upon the stage of development at which the fruit were detached from the plant. The effects on ripening in EFE-antisense fruit were much more pronounced when fruit were detached from the vine before the onset of colour change, and were associated with changes in the level of accumulation of mRNAs homologous to a number Of previously characterized ripening-related cDNAs. The retarded ripening of detached EFE-antisense fruit could be partially restored by ethylene treatment. In addition to changes observed in ripening fruit, a temporal delay in the onset of foliar senescence was observed in EFE-antisense plants, indicating that the physiological effects of the EFEantisense gene, and the associated reduction in ethylene evolution, are not confined specifically to fruit ripening.

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“…These genes have been isolated and structurally characterized and are differentially expressed in various tissues at different stages of development and in response to internal or external stimuli such as ripening, senescence, wounding, and auxin (Fluhr and Mattoo, 1996). In tomato fruit a large body of evidence demonstrates that massive ethylene production is responsible for increases in LE-ACS2, LE-ACS4, and LE-ACO1 transcripts (Van Der Straeten et al, 1990;Olson et al, 1991;Rottmann et al, 1991;Yip et al, 1992;Lincoln et al, 1993;Barry et al, 1996). Expression of these genes in preclimacteric tomato fruit is rapidly induced and/or enhanced by treatment with ethylene (Maunders et al, 1987;Rottmann et al, 1991;Lincoln et al, 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential Expression and Internal Feedback Regulation of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Oxidase, and Ethylene Receptor Genes in Tomato Fruit during Development and Ripening

et al. 1998

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We investigated the feedback regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit with respect to the transition from system 1 to system 2 ethylene production. The abundance of LE-ACS2, LE-ACS4, and NR mRNAs increased in the ripening fruit concomitant with a burst in ethylene production. These increases in mRNAs with ripening were prevented to a large extent by treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (MCP), an ethylene action inhibitor. Transcripts for the LE-ACS6 gene, which accumulated in preclimacteric fruit but not in untreated ripening fruit, did accumulate in ripening fruit treated with MCP. Treatment of young fruit with propylene prevented the accumulation of transcripts for this gene. LE-ACS1A, LE-ACS3, and TAE1 genes were expressed constitutively in the fruit throughout development and ripening irrespective of whether the fruit was treated with MCP or propylene. The transcripts for LE-ACO1 and LE-ACO4 genes already existed in preclimacteric fruit and increased greatly when ripening commenced. These increases in LE-ACO mRNA with ripening were also prevented by treatment with MCP. The results suggest that in tomato fruit the preclimacteric system 1 ethylene is possibly mediated via constitutively expressed LE-ACS1A and LE-ACS3 and negatively feedback-regulated LE-ACS6 genes with preexisting LE-ACO1 and LE-ACO4 mRNAs. At the onset of the climacteric stage, it shifts to system 2 ethylene, with a large accumulation of LE-ACS2, LE-ACS4, LE-ACO1, and LE-ACO4 mRNAs as a result of a positive feedback regulation. This transition from system 1 to system 2 ethylene production might be related to the accumulated level of NR mRNA.

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Differential expression of two genes for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase in tomato fruits.

Abstract: ABSTRACT1-Aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylate synthase (ACC synthase; S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase, EC 4.4

Cited by 154 publications

References 24 publications

An Allele of the Ripening-Specific 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthase Gene (ACS1) in Apple Fruit with a Long Storage Life1

An Allele of the Ripening-Specific 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid Synthase Gene (ACS1) in Apple Fruit with a Long Storage Life1

Altered fruit ripening and leaf senescence in tomatoes expressing an antisense ethylene‐forming enzyme transgene

Differential Expression and Internal Feedback Regulation of 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Synthase, 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Oxidase, and Ethylene Receptor Genes in Tomato Fruit during Development and Ripening

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