Differential failure to deactivate the default mode network in unipolar and bipolar depression

Rodríguez-Cano, Elena; Alonso‐Lana, Silvia; Sarró, Salvador; Fernández-Corcuera, Paloma; Goikolea, José Manuel; Vieta, Eduard; Maristany, Teresa; Salvador, Raymond; McKenna, Peter; Pomarol‐Clotet, Edith

doi:10.1111/bdi.12517

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…To the best of our knowledge, only one other study has investigated differences in task‐related neural deactivations between these groups and this was for both patient groups in a depressed state . Consistent with the current findings, Rodriguez‐Cano et al, also identified significantly greater activation of the MPFC during an n‐back task in depressed BP and MDD individuals compared to HCs . Additionally our findings are consistent with previous reports of MPFC hyperactivity during cognitive tasks in studies of remitted MDD and euthymic BP patient cohorts .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Few other studies have identified functional neuroimaging differences or similarities in BP and MDD during cognitive tasks . To the best of our knowledge, only one other study has investigated differences in task‐related neural deactivations between these groups and this was for both patient groups in a depressed state . Consistent with the current findings, Rodriguez‐Cano et al, also identified significantly greater activation of the MPFC during an n‐back task in depressed BP and MDD individuals compared to HCs .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…While previous studies have reported failed deactivation during cognition in each illness individually, only one other study has compared deactivation during a task involving a function of cognitive control in BP and MDD participants . Rodriquez‐Cano et al (2017) found significantly greater failure to deactivate the MPFC in depressed BP and MDD participants relative to healthy controls as well as between the groups during a working memory task (BP >MDD) . However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies thus far compared deactivation between asymptomatic groups, particularly in the context of cognitive control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aberrant patterns of activation within regions of these networks during cognitive control tasks have already been implicated in both depression and bipolar disorders . However, few studies have compared cognitive control‐related neural patterns between bipolar and unipolar depression, and even fewer have done so in asymptomatic groups . Recent studies have found neural differences between depressed BP and MDD to be present during a variety of tasks requiring cognitive control function in the left posterior parietal lobe, left post central gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate, left and right para‐hippocampal gyrus, left cerebellum, medial frontal gyrus, and the left post central gyrus, with MDD patients most commonly displaying hyperactivity compared to BP patients .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The only group of studies comparing activation in remitted BP and MDD, done by Rive et al, found greater DLPFC activity in BP compared to MDD during emotion regulation but a lack of neural differences during visuospatial planning task . While previous studies have reported failed deactivation during cognition in each illness individually, only one other study has compared deactivation during a task involving a function of cognitive control in BP and MDD participants . Rodriquez‐Cano et al (2017) found significantly greater failure to deactivate the MPFC in depressed BP and MDD participants relative to healthy controls as well as between the groups during a working memory task (BP >MDD) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the neural basis of cognitive control dysfunction in mood disorders

et al. 2019

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Objectives: Dysfunction of cognitive control is a feature of both bipolar disorder (BP) and major depression (MDD) and persists through to remission. However, it is unknown whether these disorders are characterized by common or distinct disruptions of cognitive control function and its neural basis. We investigated this gap in knowledge in asymptomatic BP and MDD participants, interpreted within a framework of normative function.Methods: Participants underwent fMRI scans engaging cognitive control through a working memory task and completed a cognitive battery evaluating performance across multiple subdomains of cognitive control, including attention, impulsivity, processing speed, executive function, and memory. Analysis was performed in two stages: (i) cognitive control-related brain activation and deactivation were correlated with cognitive control performance in 115 healthy controls (HCs), then, (ii) significantly correlated regions from (i) were compared between 25 asymptomatic BP, 25 remitted MDD, and with 25 different HCs, matched for age and gender.Results: Impulsivity and executive function performance were significantly worse in BP compared to both MDD and HCs. Both BP and MDD had significantly poorer memory performance compared to HCs. Greater deactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) during the fMRI task was associated with better executive function in healthy controls. Significantly less deactivation in this region was present in both BP and MDD compared to HCs. Conclusions:Failure to deactivate the MPFC, a key region of the default mode network, during working memory processing is a shared neural feature present in both bipolar and major depression and could be a source of common cognitive dysfunction. K E Y W O R D Sbipolar disorders, cognitive control, depression, euthymic, fMRI activation | 287 BREUKELAAR Et AL.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the neural basis of cognitive control dysfunction in mood disorders

et al. 2019

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Altered functional activity in bipolar disorder: A comprehensive review from a large‐scale network perspective

Yoon

Kim²,

Kim

et al. 2020

Brain and Behavior

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Background Growing literature continues to identify brain regions that are functionally altered in bipolar disorder. However, precise functional network correlates of bipolar disorder have yet to be determined due to inconsistent results. The overview of neurological alterations from a large‐scale network perspective may provide more comprehensive results and elucidate the neuropathology of bipolar disorder. Here, we critically review recent neuroimaging research on bipolar disorder using a network‐based approach. Methods A systematic search was conducted on studies published from 2009 through 2019 in PubMed and Google Scholar. Articles that utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging technique to examine altered functional activity of major regions belonging to a large‐scale brain network in bipolar disorder were selected. Results A total of 49 studies were reviewed. Within‐network hypoconnectivity was reported in bipolar disorder at rest among the default mode, salience, and central executive networks. In contrast, when performing a cognitive task, hyperconnectivity among the central executive network was found. Internetwork functional connectivity in the brain of bipolar disorder was greater between the salience and default mode networks, while reduced between the salience and central executive networks at rest, compared to control. Conclusion This systematic review suggests disruption in the functional activity of large‐scale brain networks at rest as well as during a task stimuli in bipolar disorder. Disrupted intra‐ and internetwork functional connectivity that are also associated with clinical symptoms suggest altered functional connectivity of and between large‐scale networks plays an important role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder.

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Task‐induced deactivation dysfunction during reward processing is associated with low self‐esteem in a possible subtype of major depression

Jüllig,

Hebib,

Metzker

et al. 2024

Brain and Behavior

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IntroductionLow self‐esteem is a frequent symptom in major depressive disorder (MDD). This functional magnetic resonance imaging study investigated whether MDD patients with low self‐esteem show a distinct neural pathophysiology. Previous studies linked low self‐esteem to reduced task‐induced deactivation of the pregenual anterior cingulate cortex (pgACC) as a part of the default mode network, and to reduced connectivity between pgACC and reward system. Goya‐Maldonado et al. identified an MDD subtype with pgACC and ventral striatal overactivations during reward processing. We hypothesized that this subtype might be characterized by low self‐esteem.MethodsEighty‐three MDD patients performed the desire–reason dilemma task and completed the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES). Brain activity during bottom‐up reward processing was regressed upon the RSES scores, controlling for depression severity measured by the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale. To corroborate the findings, we compared self‐esteem scores between patient subgroups with impaired task‐induced deactivation (n = 31) and with preserved task‐induced deactivation (n = 31) of the pgACC.ResultsConsistent with our a priori hypothesis, activity in a bilateral fronto‐striatal network including pgACC and ventral striatum correlated negatively with RSES scores, also when controlling for depression severity. In the additional analysis, patients with impaired task‐induced pgACC deactivation showed lower self‐esteem (t (52.82) = −2.27; p = .027, d = 0.58) compared to those with preserved task‐induced pgACC deactivation.ConclusionsWe conclude that low self‐esteem in MDD patients is linked to a task‐induced deactivation dysfunction of the pgACC. Our findings suggest that a previously described possible subtype of MDD with pgACC and ventral striatal overactivations during reward processing is clinically characterized by low self‐esteem.

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Differential failure to deactivate the default mode network in unipolar and bipolar depression

Abstract: Failure of deactivation, considered to reflect default mode network dysfunction, is present to a greater extent in bipolar than unipolar depression. The study of this network may be useful in the search for brain markers that distinguish the two disorders.

Cited by 46 publications

References 48 publications

Investigating the neural basis of cognitive control dysfunction in mood disorders

Investigating the neural basis of cognitive control dysfunction in mood disorders

Altered functional activity in bipolar disorder: A comprehensive review from a large‐scale network perspective

Task‐induced deactivation dysfunction during reward processing is associated with low self‐esteem in a possible subtype of major depression

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