Differential Flooding Tolerance of Some Dwarfing Pear Rootstock Clones Selected from the Progenies of Pyrus betulaefolia and P. calleryana

Robbani, Mahbub; Banno, Kiyoshi; Kakegawa, Mayumi

doi:10.2503/jjshs.75.297

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In this experiment, it was considered that the respiration rate of the roots decreased because the result of the TTC reduction test was significantly reduced by the 10-flood or 30-flood treatment. It has been reported previously that the TTC reduction of roots decreases under flooding conditions where the callery pear (Pyrus calleryana) and the birchleaf pear (Pyrus ussuriensis) are used as the rootstock for pear trees [22], and the respiration rate of tobacco roots also decreases at low oxygen concentration in the rhizosphere [23]. In this experiment, the values of TTC reduction were positively correlated with root sugar content in grafted trees at the end of treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

The Submergence of the Graft Union Causes the Death of Grafted Mango Trees (Mangifera indica L.) under Flooding

Saeki

Iwasaki

2020

Agronomy

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The risk of flooding has increased as a result of climate change inspired by global warming. In this study, the difference in tolerance to flooding between grafted trees and seedlings was investigated in mango trees (Mangifera indica L.). Two levels of flooding treatment were established, in addition to a non-treated control. One was “30-flood,” in which trees were submerged up to 30 cm from the soil surface, and another was “10-flood,” in which trees were submerged up to 10 cm from the soil surface. Grafted trees treated with the 30-flood were submerged up to 5 cm above the graft union. Only the grafted trees in the 30-flood treatment began to decrease Fv/Fm and the root sugar content during treatment, then died after the completion of treatment. In grafted trees and seedlings alike, both flooding treatments also reduced root vigor, as determined by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride reduction tests and root starch content. However, root vigor and root starch content in grafted trees treated with the 10-flood as well as seedlings treated with both 10- and 30-flood recovered within two months after the completion of treatment, so that no significant differences were detected between the control. These results suggest that the submergence of the graft union into water causes the decline in photosynthesis of the scion first and the death of the grafted trees as a result.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

The Submergence of the Graft Union Causes the Death of Grafted Mango Trees (Mangifera indica L.) under Flooding

Saeki

Iwasaki

2020

Agronomy

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“…Excess water reduces oxygen (O 2 ) availability in plant roots, causing a barrier for gas diffusion into plant cells, inhibiting free gas exchange for photosynthesis and respiration and inducing changes in plant water relations (SanchezBlanco et al, 1994;Drew, 1997;Amador et al, 2012). Several anatomical, physiological and molecular changes due to flooding have been described, including: epinasty, wilting leaves (Kawase, 1981;Sanchez-Blanco et al, 1994;Dennis et al, 2000), premature leaf senescence, stem deformation, shoot length alteration and leaf area reduction (Aloni and Rosenshtein, 1982;Schaffer et al, 1992;Robbani et al, 2006). Decreased leaf growth is a particularly prompt response to flooding (Else et al, 1995).…”

Section: Waterlogging Causes Anatomical Physiological and Molecular mentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant water stress: Associations between ethylene and abscisic acid response

Salazar

Hernández²,

Pino³

2015

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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Agriculture is severely impacted by water stress due either to excess (hypoxia/anoxia) or deficit of water availability. Hypoxia/anoxia is associated with oxygen (O 2 ) deficiency or depletion, inducing several anatomical, morphological, physiological, and molecular changes. The majority of these alterations are adaptive mechanisms to cope with low O 2 availability; among them, alterations in shoot length, aerenchyma formation and adventitious roots have been described in several studies. The aim of this review was to address the association between abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene in function of water availability in plants. The major physiological responses to low O 2 are associated with changes in root respiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and fermentation pathways in roots. In addition, several changes in gene expression have been associated with pathways that are not present under normal O 2 supply. The expression of ethylene receptor genes is up-regulated by low O 2 , and ethylene seems to have a crucial role in anatomical and physiological effects during hypoxia/anoxia. During O 2 depletion, ethylene accumulation down-regulates ABA by inhibiting rate-limiting enzymes in ABA biosynthesis and by activating ABA breakdown to phaseic acid. With regard to water deficit, drought is primarily sensed by the roots, inducing a signal cascade to the shoots via xylem causing physiological and morphological changes. Several genes are regulated up or down with osmotic stress; the majority of these responsive genes can be driven by either an ABA-dependent or ABA-independent pathway. Some studies suggest that ethylene shuts down leaf growth very fast after the plant senses limited water availability. Ethylene accumulation can antagonize the control of gas exchange and leaf growth upon drought and ABA accumulation.

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“…The frequency and magnitude of flooding events is on the rise worldwide, a trend that is connected to human-induced greenhouse gas emissions (Arnell and Liu 2001; see also http://www.ippc.ch). Some horticultural crops-including the commercial European pear (Pyrus communis L.) varieties-are extremely vulnerable to the eventual occurrence of floods (Robbani et al 2006;Schaffer et al 2006). A strategy useful to cultivate such fruit tree species in lowland areas prone to suffering waterlogging seems to be grafting scions of commercial varieties into rootstocks belonging to flooding-tolerant wild relative species (Domingo et al 2002;Lombard and Westwood 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some physiological and morphological responses of Pyrus boissieriana to flooding

Parad

Zarafshar

Striker

et al. 2013

Trees

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European pear is a flooding-sensitive species, and for its cultivation in lowland areas, it is necessary to carry out the grafting of scions of commercial pear varieties into rootstocks belonging to flooding-tolerant wild pear species. Flooding tolerance of Pyrus boissieriana-a type of wild pear-was studied as a promissory rootstock for commercial pear. For this purpose, 3-month-old plants of P. boissieriana were subjected for 30 days to control (C), well-irrigated treatment, short-term (15 days) flooding plus 15 days recovery (F ? R) and long-term (30 days) continuous flooding (F). Physiological performance, plant morphological changes and biomass accumulation were assessed. Results showed that, although stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis were progressively decreased by flooding, when flooding was short term (i.e., 2 weeks, F ? R treatment) plants were able to adequately recover their physiological activity (50-74 % with respect to controls). In contrast, when plants continued to be flooded (F treatment), the physiological activity became null and the plants died quickly after the water subsided.Adventitious rooting was the most conspicuous registered morphological response to flooding, despite that flooded plants had shorter shoots and roots than control plants. Leaf and root biomass were 63 and 89 % higher under shortterm flooding (F ? R) than under continuous flooding (F), condition in which plants did not survive. In conclusion, P. boissieriana appears to be a promising species for its use as rootstock of commercial pear in lowland areas prone to flooding of up to 2 weeks. However, if the flooding period is extended, plants of this species are at risk of perishing.

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Differential Flooding Tolerance of Some Dwarfing Pear Rootstock Clones Selected from the Progenies of Pyrus betulaefolia and P. calleryana

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

The Submergence of the Graft Union Causes the Death of Grafted Mango Trees (Mangifera indica L.) under Flooding

The Submergence of the Graft Union Causes the Death of Grafted Mango Trees (Mangifera indica L.) under Flooding

Plant water stress: Associations between ethylene and abscisic acid response

Some physiological and morphological responses of Pyrus boissieriana to flooding

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