Differential gene expression in drug hypersensitivity reactions: induction of alarmins in severe bullous diseases

Pathway analysis for identification of potential biomarkers in severe cutaneous drug hypersensitivity reactions

“…Previous report by Miyagawa et al [25] state that expression pattern with lower expression of genes coding T cell-specific proteins and high expression of cell cycle-related genes and genes encoding for inflammatory related mediators have been shown [13].…”

“…The drugs that cause the SJS were Clindamycin®, Spiramycin®, Statin, Phenytoin® and Allopurinol® [13]. These were the trigger of SJS manifestation and from where this gene expressions data come from.…”

“…This study extracted the gene set from Bellon et al which has been previously reported as well [13]. The drugs that cause the SJS were Clindamycin®, Spiramycin®, Statin, Phenytoin® and Allopurinol® [13].…”

“…Gene expression profiles of GSE12829 were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database that has been investigated previously by Bellon et al [13]. The samples of twenty three patients suffering from cutaneous drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions were matched to eight healthy controls who were using the same medications.…”

Drug-Hypersensitivity Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment

“…Genes that were strongly upregulated in syndromes with both cutaneous and mucosal involvement were those involved in inflammation, now termed alarmins or endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns. 9 In a study by Tohyama et al, immunostaining of cryosections from SJS and TEN lesions revealed CD141 monocytes in the dermoepidermal junction, and CD141 CD161 cells present early in the disease process, before epidermal damage occurred, suggesting that the monocyte ''infiltration is a cause, rather than a result, of epidermal damage.'' 10 Merk discusses the role of xenobiotica-metabolizing enzymes and transport proteins as a biochemical barrier that serves, in addition to the epidermal stratum corneum, as a protection from toxic chemical compounds.…”