Differential geometry of normalized Stokes vector trajectories in anisotropic media

Park, Jesung; Kemp, Nate J.; Zaatari, Haitham N.; Rylander, H. G.; Milner, Thomas E.

doi:10.1364/josaa.23.000679

Cited by 14 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A method to overcome the latter limitation for retinal PS-OCT has been developed to remove the impact of corneal birefringence on birefringence measurements in the back of the eye [57]. Nevertheless, for applications such as PS-OCT in samples with strongly varying birefringent fiber orientations or for many approaches based on single-mode fiber optics, implementations based on multiple polarization states can provide access to Stokes vector quantification, Jones matrix characterization, and Müller matrix measurements [15][16][17][35][36][37][38][58][59][60][61][62][63].…”

Section: Ps-oct Based On Multiple Input Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography: A Review of Technology and Applications

Baumann

2017

Applied Sciences

138

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Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) is an imaging technique based on light scattering. PS-OCT performs rapid two-and three-dimensional imaging of transparent and translucent samples with micrometer scale resolution. PS-OCT provides image contrast based on the polarization state of backscattered light and has been applied in many biomedical fields as well as in non-medical fields. Thereby, the polarimetric approach enabled imaging with enhanced contrast compared to standard OCT and the quantitative assessment of sample polarization properties. In this article, the basic methodological principles, the state of the art of PS-OCT technologies, and important applications of the technique are reviewed in a concise yet comprehensive way.

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Section: Ps-oct Based On Multiple Input Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography: A Review of Technology and Applications

Baumann

2017

Applied Sciences

138

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“…Briefly, in the absence of diattenuation, 31 when light propagates through a uniform birefringent layer, the trajectory of normalized Stokes vectors of backscattered light rotates about an eigen-axis on the Poincaré sphere. Effect of polarization transformations in the SMF causes a rotation of the eigen-axis away from the equator of the Poincaré sphere.…”

Section: Polarization Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Effect of polarization transformations in the SMF causes a rotation of the eigen-axis away from the equator of the Poincaré sphere. 17,31,32 If the SMF remains stable while switching between incident polarization states, equivalent transformations of three incident polarization states are produced giving three arcs on the Poincaré sphere with a common rotation axis. Starting from two orthogonal channels' signal amplitude and phase difference (Box 1 in Fig.…”

Section: Polarization Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation in the degree of polarization in human retinal nerve fiber layer

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Using a fiber-based swept-source (SS) polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) system, we investigate the degree of polarization (DOP) of light backscattered from the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in normal human subjects. Algorithms for processing data were developed to analyze the deviation in phase retardation and intensity of backscattered light in directions parallel and perpendicular to the nerve fiber axis (fast and slow axes of RNFL). Considering superior, inferior, and nasal quadrants, we observe the strongest degradation in the DOP with increasing RNFL depth in the temporal quadrant. Retinal ganglion cell axons in normal human subjects are known to have the smallest diameter in the temporal quadrant, and the greater degradation observed in the DOP suggests that higher polarimetric noise may be associated with neural structure in the temporal RNFL. The association between depth degradation in the DOP and RNFL structural properties may broaden the utility of PS-OCT as a functional imaging technique.

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“…To determine estimates of RNFL phase retardation and birefringence, 200 A-scans in a clustered region were averaged to obtain an accurate estimate of phase retardation using a numerical algorithm described previously. 16,18 The Stokes vectors for each of the three input polarization states were calculated from the two collected polarization channels. Stokes vectors were computed in the segmented region between the upper and lower RNFL boundaries.…”

Section: Polarimetric Data Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Thickness, Phase Retardation, Birefringence, and Reflectance of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Normal and Glaucomatous Non-Human Primates

Dwelle

Liu

Wang

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. We identified candidate optical coherence tomography (OCT) markers for early glaucoma diagnosis. Time variation of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, phase retardation, birefringence, and reflectance using polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) were measured in three non-human primates with induced glaucoma in one eye. We characterized time variation of RNFL thickness, phase retardation, birefringence, and reflectance with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). METHODS.One eye of each of three non-human primates was laser treated to increase IOP. Each primate was followed for a 30-week period. PS-OCT measurements were recorded at weekly intervals. Reflectance index (RI) is introduced to characterize RNFL reflectance. Associations between elevated IOP and RNFL thickness, phase retardation, birefringence, and reflectance were characterized in seven regions (entire retina, inner and outer rings, and nasal, temporal, superior and inferior quadrants) by linear and non-linear mixed-effects models.RESULTS. Elevated IOP was achieved in three non-human primate eyes with an average increase of 13 mm Hg over the study period. Elevated IOP was associated with decreased RNFL thickness in the nasal region (P ¼ 0.0002), decreased RNFL phase retardation in the superior (P ¼ 0.046) and inferior (P ¼ 0.021) regions, decreased RNFL birefringence in the nasal (P ¼ 0.002) and inferior (P ¼ 0.029) regions, and loss of RNFL reflectance in the outer rings (P ¼ 0.018). When averaged over the entire retinal area, only RNFL reflectance showed a significant decrease (P ¼ 0.028).CONCLUSIONS. Of the measured parameters, decreased RNFL reflectance was the most robust correlate with glaucomatous damage. Candidate cellular mechanisms are considered for decreased RNFL reflectance, including mitochondrial dysfunction and retinal ganglion cell apoptosis. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:4380-4395) DOI:10.1167/iovs.11-9130 G laucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by the progressive death of retinal ganglion cells and loss of associated axons in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL). Without early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention, glaucoma eventually results in visual field abnormalities and vision loss. Studies indicate that as many as 40% of the axons may die before the visual field is affected, 1 suggesting an opportunity for the development of diagnostic tools that can prevent visual field loss in conjunction with application of neuroprotective strategies. As axons in the RNFL are lost, an associated RNFL thinning is observed. 2-4Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging modality that provides high-resolution (2-15 lm) cross-sectional images of the retina at video rate, and can quantify macroscopic changes in the optic nerve head (ONH) and RNFL. Inasmuch as previous studies have demonstrated a link between decreased RNFL thickness measured with OCT and glaucoma, 3 OCT measurements of RNFL thickness have become a routine component of glaucoma screening, diagnosis, and monitoring protocols...

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Differential geometry of normalized Stokes vector trajectories in anisotropic media

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography: A Review of Technology and Applications

Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography: A Review of Technology and Applications

Degradation in the degree of polarization in human retinal nerve fiber layer

Thickness, Phase Retardation, Birefringence, and Reflectance of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Normal and Glaucomatous Non-Human Primates

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