Differential induction of heat shock protein genes to the combined treatments of heat with diatomaceous earth, phosphine or carbon dioxide on <scp><i>P</i></scp><i>lodia interpunctella</i>

Kim, Hanna; Yu, Yeon Su; Lee, Kyeong-Yeoll

doi:10.1111/1748-5967.12139

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Heat can have much stronger effects, and potentially synergistic effects, when combined with other stressors than when acting alone (Bozinovic & Pörtner, ; Gunderson, Armstrong & Stillman, ). For example, in the moth Plodia interpunctella , there is a synergistic effect of heat and exposure to insecticides that greatly increases the stress response and causes high mortality (Kim, Yu & Lee, ). These synergistic effects are very common in nature but stress is also severely increased by human activity, which causes not only global warming but also habitat loss, contamination, urbanization and other disturbances (Gunderson et al ., ).…”

Section: Insect Physiological Responses To Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect responses to heat: physiological mechanisms, evolution and ecological implications in a warming world

et al. 2020

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Surviving changing climate conditions is particularly difficult for organisms such as insects that depend on environmental temperature to regulate their physiological functions. Insects are extremely threatened by global warming, since many do not have enough physiological tolerance even to survive continuous exposure to the current maximum temperatures experienced in their habitats. Here, we review literature on the physiological mechanisms that regulate responses to heat and provide heat tolerance in insects: (i) neuronal mechanisms to detect and respond to heat; (ii) metabolic responses to heat; (iii) thermoregulation; (iv) stress responses to tolerate heat; and (v) hormones that coordinate developmental and behavioural responses at warm temperatures. Our review shows that, apart from the stress response mediated by heat shock proteins, the physiological mechanisms of heat tolerance in insects remain poorly studied. Based on life-history theory, we discuss the costs of heat tolerance and the potential evolutionary mechanisms driving insect adaptations to high temperatures. Some insects may deal with ongoing global warming by the joint action of phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation. Plastic responses are limited and may not be by themselves enough to withstand ongoing warming trends. Although the evidence is still scarce and deserves further research in different insect taxa, genetic adaptation to high temperatures may result from rapid evolution. Finally, we emphasize the importance of incorporating physiological information for modelling species distributions and ecological interactions under global warming scenarios. This review identifies several open questions to improve our understanding of how insects respond physiologically to heat and the evolutionary and ecological consequences of those responses. Further lines of research are suggested at the species, order and class levels, with experimental and analytical approaches such as artificial selection, quantitative genetics and comparative analyses.

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Section: Insect Physiological Responses To Heatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect responses to heat: physiological mechanisms, evolution and ecological implications in a warming world

et al. 2020

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“…In insects, such stresses may include diapause, anoxia, desiccation, different developmental stages, ageing, and exposure of insects to UV radiation, drought, oxidation, parasitoid envenomation, and a wide range of chemicals and contaminants (including heavy metals and ethanol) (e.g. Sonoda et al, 2007;Shim et al, 2008;Lopez-Martinez et al, 2009;Nguyen et al, 2009;Zhang and Denlinger, 2010;Michaud et al, 2011;Tower, 2011;Zhao and Jones, 2012;Kim et al, 2015). The hypothesis that G. mellonella HSP 90 and/or its derivatives stimulate immune responses and contribute to survival of the larvae against pathogens (Wojda et al, 2007;Dubovskiy et al, 2013) is supported by studies in other insects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of stress on heat shock protein levels, immune response and survival to fungal infection of Mamestra brassicae larvae

Richards

Dani

et al. 2017

Journal of Insect Physiology

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Although the utilisation of fungal biological control agents to kill insect pests is desirable, it is known that the outcome of infection may be influenced by a number of criteria, including whether or not the target insect is stressed. In the current work, topical treatment of larvae of the lepidopteran pest, Mamestra brassicae, with conidia of Beauveria bassiana, followed by a heat stress (HS; 37°C for 1h) 48h later, resulted in a similar level of larval survival to that occurring for no heat stress (No-HS), fungus-treated larvae. By contrast, when the HS was applied 24h after fungal treatment, larval survival was significantly increased, indicating that the HS is protecting the larvae from B. bassiana. Similarly, exposure of larvae to a HS provided protection against Metarhizium brunneum (V275) at 48h (but not 24h) after fungal treatment. To elucidate the mechanism(s) that might contribute to HS-induced increases in larval survival against fungal infection, the effects of a HS on key cellular and humoral immune responses and on the level of selected heat shock proteins (HSP) were assessed. When larvae were kept under control (No HS) conditions, there was no significant difference in the haemocyte number per ml of haemolymph over a 24h period. However, exposure of larvae to a HS, significantly increased the haemocyte density immediately after (t=0h) and 4h after HS compared to the No HS controls, whilst it returned to control levels at t=24h. In addition, in vitro assays indicated that haemocytes harvested from larvae immediately after (0h) and 4h (but not 24h) after a HS exhibited higher rates of phagocytosis of FITC-labelled B. bassiana conidia compared to haemocytes harvested from non-HS larvae. Interestingly, the HS did not appear to increase anti-fungal activity in larval plasma. Western blot analysis using antibodies which cross react with Drosophila melanogaster HSP, resulted in a relatively strong signal for HSP 70 and HSP 90 from extracts of 50,000 and 100,000haemocytes, respectively, harvested from No-HS larvae. By contrast, for HSP 60, a lysate derived from 200,000haemocytes resulted in a relatively weak signal. When larvae were exposed to a HS, the level of all three HSP increased compared to the No HS control 4h and 16h after the HS. However, 24h after treatment, any heat stress-mediated increase in HSP levels was minimal and not consistently detected. Similar results were obtained when HSP 90, 70, and 60 levels were assessed in fat body harvested from heat stressed and non-heat stressed larvae. With regard to HSP 27, no signal was obtained even when a lysate from 200,000haemocytes or three times the amount of fat body were processed, suggesting that the anti-HSP 27 antibody utilised does not cross-react with the M. brassicae HSP. The results suggest that a HS-mediated increase in haemocyte density and phagocytic activity, together with an upregulation of HSP 90 and 70, may contribute to increasing the survival of M. brassicae larvae treated with B. bassiana and M. brunneum (V275).

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Transcription of four Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) heat shock protein genes and their responses to heat stress and insecticide exposure

Zhao

Duan

et al. 2017

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular &

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Differential induction of heat shock protein genes to the combined treatments of heat with diatomaceous earth, phosphine or carbon dioxide on Plodia interpunctella

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Insect responses to heat: physiological mechanisms, evolution and ecological implications in a warming world

Insect responses to heat: physiological mechanisms, evolution and ecological implications in a warming world

Effect of stress on heat shock protein levels, immune response and survival to fungal infection of Mamestra brassicae larvae

Transcription of four Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) heat shock protein genes and their responses to heat stress and insecticide exposure

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