Differential interactions of conjugated polymer nanoparticles with glycosaminoglycans in synthetic urine

Abstract

Four different conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) were used to differentiate structurally similar glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in a urine simulant. Unique emission response patterns of CPNs were analyzed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA), confirming that structurally diverse CPNs are sensitive and effective at differentiating GAGs in a complex biological medium.

Recent Advances in the Development of Highly Luminescent Semiconducting Polymer Dots and Nanoparticles for Biological Imaging and Medicine

“…A Pdot is well-suited for the development of biosensors because of its high brightness and efficient modulation by small-molecule sensors through energy transfer. We and others have reported on many types of Pdot and CPN sensors. − For example, we have reported on Pdot sensors for pH, Cu 2+ /Fe 2+ ions, and temperature. − …”

“…The work includes efforts to tune the photophysical properties of Pdots/CPNs, 109–114 decrease the nonspecific binding of Pdots, 115 expand their biological applications, 73,116,117 and build hybrid nanostructures for imaging cancer cells. 118 Additionally, our group developed a lyophilization process for Pdot bioconjugates, which we hope will facilitate their use by the biomedical community.…”

“…Weng and co-workers explored sensing using protease (MMP-2) and PFO CPNs . Moon and co-workers applied four different CPNs to differentiate structurally similar glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in a urine simulant . Tang and co-workers described CPNs for selective detection of HOCl .…”

“…In this Review, we mainly will highlight recent advances of luminescent Pdots (including fluorescence, phosphorescence, and electro- and chemiluminescence) or CPNs that are comprised of more than 50% semiconducting polymer. The list of topics include narrow emissive Pdots for multiplexing, − near-infrared (NIR) emissive Pdots and CPNs, ,− long luminescence lifetime emissive Pdots and CPNs, ,, single-chain and monovalent Pdots, , photoswitchable Pdots and CPNs, − electro-/chemiluminescent Pdots and CPNs, − CPNs with aggregation-induced emission (AIE), ,− luminescent Pdots and CPNs for dual modality imaging, − and Pdots and CPNs developed for biosensing − and photodynamic cancer therapy. − …”

Conjugated Polymer-Based Biomaterials Through Controlled Self-Assembly

“…A semi-flexible poly(phenylenebutadiynylene) (PPB), which contains a small fraction of flexible nonconjugating units along the rigid conjugated backbones, was prepared by following our published method 21 and used for the complexation with HA ( We believe that unlike complexes formed between conjugated rigid oligomers and polysaccharides, which exhibit both red-shift and fluorescent increase through chain end-to-end alignment induced by linear polysaccharides, 29,30 the loosely aggregated, nonaqueous soluble PPBs connected with flexible linkers were able to reorganize to increase interpolymer π−π interactions, similarly to the high molecular weight, fully conjugated poly(phenyleneethynylene) (PPEs) at the air−water interface under mechanical forces. 31 As a control, a fully conjugated PPE containing the same amine side chains was treated with HA, and the spectroscopic behaviors were monitored.…”