2014
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2393-14-181
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Differential levels of amino acid transporters System L and ASCT2, and the mTOR protein in placenta of preeclampsia and IUGR

Abstract: BackgroundSufficient amino acid transport activity (AAT) is indispensable for appropriate fetal growth. Studies suggest that placental nutrient uptake activity is responsive to both maternal and fetal nutrient demands. We hypothesize that under conditions of limited nutrient availability to the fetus, as often present in preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and insufficient weight-gain during pregnancy, a general adaptive response aimed to increase amino acid transport activity may be observed… Show more

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Cited by 43 publications
(27 citation statements)
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“…Serine was reported to be localized in the cytoplasm of placental cells, and amounts increase during pregnancy (56), functioning to modulate intracellular growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins that regulate placental formation and function (56). As an adaptive mechanism, placental nutrient availability and utilization regulates amino acid and glucose transport activity (57,58). Human intrauterine growth restriction often involves alterations in the activity of placental amino acid transport systems, such as system A, which is linked to alterations in mTOR protein amounts (59,60).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Serine was reported to be localized in the cytoplasm of placental cells, and amounts increase during pregnancy (56), functioning to modulate intracellular growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins that regulate placental formation and function (56). As an adaptive mechanism, placental nutrient availability and utilization regulates amino acid and glucose transport activity (57,58). Human intrauterine growth restriction often involves alterations in the activity of placental amino acid transport systems, such as system A, which is linked to alterations in mTOR protein amounts (59,60).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some AAs affect the expression of genes to improve antioxidant responses and DNA transcription [20,21]. Furthermore, the AA transporter systems L and ASCT2 in the placenta of women with preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are quite different from normal [22], suggesting that AAs may play an important role in the disease mechanism. Lower fetal concentrations of most AAs are observed in the umbilical cord and muscle of IUGR fetuses, compared with normal birth weight fetuses [12,23,24], demonstrating the impaired transport of AAs from the maternal to the fetal circulation in IUGR pregnancies.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…288 In the placenta, in addition to effects on protein synthesis, mTOR appears also to modulate amino acid transporters by regulating the membrane trafficking of transporter protein. 289 There is good evidence to suggest that mTOR activity is proportional to maternal body mass index, 290,291 while in IUGR, syncytial mTOR, while displaying increased expression, shows decreased activity. 291,292 This suggests that the mTOR pathway may be a good potential regulatory point for growth-related intervention.…”
Section: Potential Drug Targets Of Important Placental Pathways Imentioning
confidence: 99%
“…289 There is good evidence to suggest that mTOR activity is proportional to maternal body mass index, 290,291 while in IUGR, syncytial mTOR, while displaying increased expression, shows decreased activity. 291,292 This suggests that the mTOR pathway may be a good potential regulatory point for growth-related intervention. Is it possible, for example, to directly target the mTOR system, below the broadly regulatory phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B stage (Figure 8)?…”
Section: Potential Drug Targets Of Important Placental Pathways Imentioning
confidence: 99%