Differential Loss of Fat and Protein by Mule Deer during Winter

Torbit, Stephen C.; Carpenter, Len H.; Swift, David M.; Alldredge, A. W.

doi:10.2307/3801849

Cited by 123 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…With regard to the latter, all three bison would have likely been in near-peak condition, in terms of carcass fat levels, at the time of death. This is true of the two EINP specimens because of the demonstrated high fat levels in many large mammals, including both sexes, during late autumn in temperate and northern latitudes (Flook, 1970;Bear, 1971;Anderson, Medin & Bowden, 1972;Anderson, Bowden & Medin, 1990;Dauphiné, 1976;Reimers et al, 1982;Reimers & Ringberg, 1983;Torbit et al, 1985Torbit et al, , 1988Adamczewski et al, 1987a, b;Tyler, 1987). For the spring-killed abattoir specimen, number 85-4, it can be suggested that grain feeding would have kept fat levels elevated during the period of the year when they would otherwise tend to deplete.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat Content in Leg Bones ofBison bison, and Applications to Archaeology

Brink

1997

Journal of Archaeological Science

116

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat Content in Leg Bones ofBison bison, and Applications to Archaeology

Brink

1997

Journal of Archaeological Science

116

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“…Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) fed at three different sub-maintenance levels lost significant amounts of fat (38-67% depending on treatment) and protein (16-31%) (Torbit et al 1985). In a 2-yr study, mature female caribou (Rangifer tarandus groenlandicus) depleted reserves of dissectible fat (100% both winters) and muscle mass (25 and 32%) (Adamczewski et al 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do windbreaks minimize stress on cattle grazing foothill winter range?

Olson¹,

Wallander²,

Paterson³

2000

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2000. Do windbreaks minimize stress on cattle grazing foothill winter range? Can. J. Anim. Sci. 80: 265-272. Cattle often graze foothill rangelands in northern latitudes as a cost-effective alternative to being fed hay. In a 2-yr study, we determined whether exposure to winter wind elicits a stress response in pregnant cows (5-7 yr old) grazing a foothill rangeland. We measured several indicators of stress-response of cows which had (windbreak) or did not have (non-windbreak) access to windbreaks. In Winter 1 , backfat thickness increased on windbreak and non-windbreak cattle. Body condition scores of both groups were lower at the end of the trial. In Winter 2 (1997-1998), backfat thickness decreased for windbreak and non-windbreak cattle. Body condition scores did not change. Weight changes were minor both winters. Changes in backfat thickness indicated that cattle in Winter 1 were catabolizing more lean muscle tissue, whereas cattle in Winter 2 were catabolizing more fat. Cattle entered Winter 1 in lower body condition and mass than in Winter 2. Cattle with access to windbreaks tended to have a stronger cell-mediated immune response than non-windbreak cattle. Birth and weaning weights of calves, and calving interval were similar for windbreak and non-windbreak cattle. Neither winter elicited a strong stress response from cattle grazing this foothill rangeland, with or without access to windbreaks. On utilise souvent sous les latitudes nordiques les parcours naturels des avant-monts des Rocheuses comme pâturage pour les bovins, solution apparemment plus économique que la distribution de foin. Dans le cadre d'une expérience de deux ans, nous avons examiné si l'exposition aux vents d'hiver sur ce type de parcours suscite une réaction de stress chez des vaches âgées de 5 à 7 ans. Plusieurs indicateurs de stress étaient mesurés chez les vaches qui avaient ou non accès à des brise-vent artificiels. Le premier hiver (1996Le premier hiver ( -1997, on notait une augmentation de l'épaisseur du gras de couverture chez toutes les vaches indifféremment, mais leur note d'état corporel était moins bonne à la fin de l'essai. En revanche l'hiver suivant, le gras de couverture était moins épais mais il n'y avait pas de baisse de la note d'état. On ne relevait dans les deux hivers que de minimes changements de poids. L'évolution différente de l'épaisseur du gras de couverture d'un hiver à l'autre signifie que le premier hiver les animaux perdaient, par catabolisme, plus de tissus musculaires maigres, alors que dans le second ils catabolisaient plus de graisse. Les bêtes entamaient l'hiver 1 en moins bon état corporel et elles pesaient moins qu'au début du second hiver. Les animaux ayant accès aux dispositifs brise-vent avaient en général une réponse immunitaire à médiation cellulaire plus forte que ceux qui ne disposaient pas de brise-vent. Le poids au vêlage et au sevrage des veaux, de même que l'intervalle de vêlage étaient les mêmes chez les deux groupes d'animaux. Dans les conditions climatiques et zootechniques de l'expér...

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“…e resultant PCH energy model was driven by an intake sub-model that produced metabolizable energy input to drive an energy allocation submodel that accounted for expenditures associated with maintenance and deposition in body reserves, gestation, and lactation . Protein-N inputs and transactions associated with changes in body composition were tracked as a bookkeeping component linked to energy through known stoichiometry (ARC, 1980;Torbit et al, 1985). Components of the model have been veri ed through applications that emphasize energy expenditure such as energy consequences of low ying ghter jet aircraft (Delta caribou herd: Luick et al, 1996), road and pipeline e ects at Prudhoe Bay [Central Arctic herd (CAH): , integration of nutritional components to determine responses to climate change (PCH: Kruse et al, 2004), e ects of climate change (PCH: Russell et al, 1996;CAH: Murphy et al, 2000), summer range assessment (GRH: Manseau, 1995), and full integration of components for application to development (e.g., Bathurst caribou herd: environmental assessment of Diavik mine, cumulative e ects pilot project, .…”

Section: Energy Simulation Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

13th Arctic Ungulate Conference, 22-26 August 2011, Yellowknife, Canada

Åhman¹,

Wiklund²,

Hegel³

2013

Ran

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The 13th International Arctic Ungulate Conference was held in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada, from 22-26 August 2011. This biennial conference is the primary venue for meetings of the International Arctic Ungulate Society. Over 200 delegates attended the conference with representation from Canada, the United States, Norway, Sweden, Greenland, Finland, Russia, and Japan. The theme of the conference was “Challenges of Managing Northern Ungulates”. The goal of the conference organizers was to address the difficulties of managing ungulate populations that are faced with the unpredictable effects of climate change and an ever-increasing human presence on the land. The conference also focussed on the challenges associated with developing recovery actions for declining caribou and reindeer populations that are an integral part of Aboriginal cultures and ways of life.

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Differential Loss of Fat and Protein by Mule Deer during Winter

Cited by 123 publications

References 26 publications

Fat Content in Leg Bones ofBison bison, and Applications to Archaeology

Fat Content in Leg Bones ofBison bison, and Applications to Archaeology

Do windbreaks minimize stress on cattle grazing foothill winter range?

13th Arctic Ungulate Conference, 22-26 August 2011, Yellowknife, Canada

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