(
E
)-
N
′-((2-Hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)picolinohydrazide
(H-PNAP) shows aggregation-induced emission (AIE) strictly in a 90%
water/MeOH (v/v) mixture at 540 nm, and the solid-state emission is
blue-shifted to 509 nm upon excitation at 400 nm. The AIE activity
of H-PNAP is selectively quenched by 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) and
2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) out of different nitroaromatic compounds with
a limit of detection (LOD) of 7.79 × 10
–7
and
9.08 × 10
–7
M, respectively. The probe is nonemissive
in aqueous medium (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid,
HEPES buffer, pH 7.2); however, it shows a strong emission to Al
3+
(λ
em
, 490 nm) in the presence of 17 other
biological metal ions, and the LOD is 2.09 nM which is far below the
WHO recommended value (7.41 mM). The emission of the [Al(PNAP)(NO
3
)
2
] complex is quenched by HF
2
–
(F
–
and PO
4
3–
are
weak quencher), and the LOD is as low as 15 nM. The probable
mechanism of the sensing feature of the probe has been authenticated
by
1
H nuclear magnetic resonance titration, mass spectrometry,
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Benesi–Hildebrand
plot, and Job’s plot in each case. The probe has some practical
applications such as recovery of Al
3+
from the drinking
water sample, construction of the INHIBIT logic gate, and detection
kits for Al
3+
and TNP/DNP by simple paper test strips.
The probe, H-PNAP, has successfully been applied to the detection
of intracellular Al
3+
and HF
2
–
ions in the human breast cancer cell, MDA-MB-468.