Differential methods of localisation of fungal endophytes in the seagrasses

Raja, S.; Subhashini, Pon.; Thangaradjou, T.

doi:10.1080/21501203.2016.1218966

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The penetration of fungal hyphae to neighboring cells through the cell wall indicated carbohydrate enzymatic digestion. However, some ndings of our study were different from the report of Raja et al (2016). For instance, fungal hyphae colonized the neighboring cells even a single cell was not yet completely lled up.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Endophytic colonization in both intercellular and intracellular spaces in the leaves were also reported in C. serrulata, T. hemprichii and Halophila ovalis indicating endophytes' close interaction with their hosts (Raja et al 2016). The penetration of fungal hyphae to neighboring cells through the cell wall indicated carbohydrate enzymatic digestion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…However, in seagrasses, reports of endophytic fungal colonization were done in one organ only. Raja et al (2016), reported the endophytic fungi from the leaves of H. ovalis, C. serrulata and Halodule pinifolia. Torta et al (2015) and Vohnik et al (2017), on other hand, reported the colonization of dark septate endophytes in P. oceanica roots.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colonization and antagonistic activity of endophytic fungi in seagrasses: understanding endophyte interactions

Kinamot

Monotilla

2022

Preprint

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Endophytic fungal colonization in plants is governed by complex interactions with the defense mechanism of the host and antagonistic effects of other endophytes. In this study, endophytic fungal interaction was assessed by histological examination and co-culture methods. Results showed fungal colonization in the intercellular space of the epidermis and both intercellular and intracellular spaces of the cortical cells suggesting close interaction with their seagrass hosts. Dense colonization, hyphal branching, coiling and formation of networks were observed in the cortical cells. Less competition for space and reliable source of nutrition in the cortex may favor fungal growth. No fungal hyphae were detected in the vascular tissues of seagrasses. All the endophytic fungi isolated from seagrasses showed antagonistic activity. Aspergillus tamarii, A. ochraceopetaliformis, Penicillium citrinum, Beauveria bassiana, Eutypella sp. and Xylaria sp were the most active antagonists. Antagonistic interaction involved deadlock and replacement. Deadlock was associated with physical blocking of the antagonist’s colony by hyphal aggregation and production of inhibitory metabolites. Demarcation line and colony pigmentation in Xylaria sp. during co-culture assay indicated the production of high quantities of inhibitory molecules. Endophytic fungi in seagrasses also produced volatile organic compounds (VOC) which resulted to deadlock at mycelial distance. Thus, endophyte colonization and distribution in seagrass tissues are influenced by their interaction with the hosts and other endophytes. But interestingly, cyclical intransitivity of multispecies interaction manifested by these fungal species suggested possible co-existence in seagrass tissues.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Colonization and antagonistic activity of endophytic fungi in seagrasses: understanding endophyte interactions

Kinamot

Monotilla

2022

Preprint

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“…The high larval mortality and sporulation rates observed in foliar applications can be explained by the high number of fungal conidia that must have been in direct contact with the cuticle of the larvae and hence germinated and invaded their haemocoel, thereby inducing mycosis (Butt et al, 2016). In the endophytic colonization treatments, however, we assumed that B. bassiana was translocated systemically through the plant tissues (Raja et al, 2016) and that larval infection occurred through ingestion of its hyphae in the palisade parenchyma of cabbage leaf tissues (Heviefo et al, 2017), with no direct exposure to conidia. Subsequently, the ingested ramified hyphae would have developed in the haemocoel of the infected larvae thereafter producing spores and toxins (Ownley et al, 2010) that induced lower levels of mortality and sporulation compared with the foliar applications, as also reported by Butt et al (2016) and(Ortiz-Urquiza et al, 2010) and could explain why we only observed 57.61 ± 2.15% corrected larval mortality rate in the endophytic treatment (Endo 3) instead of 100% mortality induced by foliar application, as also reported by Butt et al (2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative efficacy of endophytic versus foliar application of the entomopathogenic fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> against the crucifer diamondback moth larvae for sustainable cabbage protection

Heviefo¹,

Nyamador²,

Datinon³

et al. 2020

Int. J. Bio. Chem. Sci

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In recent investigations, Beauveria bassiana has been reported to be pathogenic to insect, endophytically colonize cabbage plants and may, therefore, be an alternative to chemical control of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. In this study, the comparative efficacy of endophytic and foliar application of B. bassiana was assessed on different larval instars of P. xylostella. Cabbage plants were inoculated with B. bassiana conidia using seed coating and root soaking methods. Six weeks after plant endophytic inoculation, larval instars 2, 3 and 4 of P. xylostella were released on endophytic plant leaves without fungal spraying, on non-endophytic leaves sprayed immediately with fungal formulation and on untreated control leaves. Our results indicate that the average mortality rates of larval instars 2, 3 and 4 were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) on plants colonized by the endophyte than non-inoculated, untreated control plant. Similarly, significant differences were obtained between the foliar spraying of the fungus (corrected mortalities ≥ 96.72%) and the endophytic applications (corrected mortalities ≤ 57.61 %). In endophytic treatments, larval mortality rates varied with larval age. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of B. bassiana endophytism in cabbage.Keywords: Fungal endophyte, foliar application, cabbage plant, Plutella xylostella, larval mortality, cadaver sporulation.

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“…A21 was subsequently inoculated in rice roots for 15 days under the above culture conditions. The fungal dye, aniline blue [43] was utilized to dye A21 in the rice roots. The submicroscopic structures of A21 in roots were observed using the same SEM method described above.…”

Section: Co-culture and Stainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophytic Acrocalymma vagum drives the microbiome variations for rice health

Zeng

Wang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Endophytic fungi are essential members of the plant microbial community, which play a vital role in promoting plant growth and development, and inducing disease resistance. However, little is known about the ecological mechanisms of endophytic fungi impacting the root microbiota community to improve crop health. Results: An endophytic fungus Acrocalymma vagum (Code A21) isolated from wild rice enhanced rice yield by 5.73% and induced resistance against rice blast with 83.24% control efficiency in the field. The root microbiota community variations were discovered through 16S and ITS metabarcoding methods. A. vagum simplified the complexity of the rice microbiome community, reducing the proportion of the dominant pathogens Burkholderia and Ralstonia, and driving rice to recruit beneficial bacteria (Aquabacterium, Flavobacterium, and Lactobacillus) and fungi (Rhizophagus, Sarocladium, and Nigrospora). The recruited microbes were enriched in nutrient synthesis and stress resistance, especially biosynthesis of lactate, vitamin B12, and thiazole. We further isolated and identified 279 bacteria and 82 fungi from the A. vagum-fertilized rice roots to confirm the probiotic's functions. Among them, 5 Lactobacillus strains and 2 Nigrospora strains possessed significantly inhibitive activity on rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. Additionally, 3 fungal strains in Sarocladium and Nigrospora genera promoted rice growth. Mutualistic mechanisms of A. vagum-rice were uncovered by the LC-MS/MS-based label-free quantitative assay. 13 secretory proteins of A. vagum cooperated to evade the host immune response and stimulate the symbiont resistance, such as alkaline phosphatases (ALP) as specific marker enzymes to symbiosis with the host and glycoside hydrolases (GHs) as effectors to colonize the host. Correspondingly, 206 rice proteins were induced to up-regulate, especially families of peroxidase (OsPRX), copper transporter (OsCOPT), and glutathione S-transferase (OsGSTU) related to growth and stress resistance. Conclusion: Our study verified that endophytic fungi isolated from wild rice had great practical value on cultivated rice. A. vagum reshaped the microbiota community of cultivated rice by enhancing host traits, as the first report of simplification and optimization effect of endophytic fungi on plant recruiting microbes, which offers novel perspectives on using endophytic fungi to increase agricultural productivity.

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Differential methods of localisation of fungal endophytes in the seagrasses

Cited by 28 publications

References 32 publications

Colonization and antagonistic activity of endophytic fungi in seagrasses: understanding endophyte interactions

Colonization and antagonistic activity of endophytic fungi in seagrasses: understanding endophyte interactions

Comparative efficacy of endophytic versus foliar application of the entomopathogenic fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> against the crucifer diamondback moth larvae for sustainable cabbage protection

Endophytic Acrocalymma vagum drives the microbiome variations for rice health

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