Differential modulation of stress-inflammation responses by plant polyphenols in cultured normal human keratinocytes and immortalized HaCaT cells

Illicium verum extract inhibits TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced expression of chemokines and cytokines in human keratinocytes

“…Thus, HaCaT cells have been commonly used in pharmacological in vitro studies of potential skin drugs, as these cells serve as an easy-to-use substitute for human primary keratinocytes (Pastore et al, 2011). Keratinocytes produce cytokines and chemokines, and these factors are involved in the development of inflammatory skin diseases, such as AD.…”

Secondary Plant Metabolites for Sun Protective Cosmetics: From Pre-Selection to Product Formulation

“…), indoles, tryptophan metabolites, bilirubin, and oxidised products of lipid metabolism have been suggested as non-toxic ligands-activators or ligands-inhibitors of the AhR expression by competitive and non-competitive pathways [32,56]. Among a number of plant polyphenols used for topical application, exclusively phenylpropanoid verbascoside and flavonoid quercetin were strong inhibitors of UVor FICZ-upregulated AhR-CYP1A1-CYP1B1 axis in human keratinocytes [63,64], suggesting their potency as topical UV protectors. Several plant-derived polyphenols have been shown to suppress UV-stimulated CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 enzymes, which have been suggested as a positive sign to prevent biotransformation of pro-carcinogens into ultimate carcinogens in the skin [65].…”

“…Chronic exposure to solar irradiation inevitably results in the immune deficit of a cutaneous immune system that is commonly regarded as a causative reason for UV-induced carcinogenesis [2,3,28,65]. Immune responses of cutaneous cells could be made evident and quantified by the measurements of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors' expression, by the expression of receptors responsive to UV light, such as membrane-bound epidermal growth factor receptor, Toll-like receptors, G2A receptors and many others, or intra-cellular receptors, for example, NF-kappaB and AhR [28,34,64,69]. A majority of skin pathologies and skin ageing is attributed to these alterations in the local immune system.…”

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Aspalathus linearis and Cyclopia spp. Extracts in a UVB/Keratinocyte (HaCaT) Model Utilising Interleukin-1α Accumulation as Biomarker

“…Consequently, an in vitro UVB irradiation cell model was developed in which induction of icIL-1α could be inhibited either by transcription modulation or augmentation of apoptosis [24]. Since, in vitro models, utilising primary or cultured keratinocytes have served as useful tools in mechanistic and drug development studies of inflammation [25][26][27][28], the UVB/HaCaT model was also recommended as a screening tool that could be used to determine the anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive efficacy of novel compounds in the inflammatory process.…”