DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE <i>CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS</i> (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) LARVAE EXPOSED TO A BACULOVIRUS WITH OR WITHOUT OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS

Li, S.Y.; Otvos, I. S.

doi:10.4039/ent13165-1

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Subsequently, each caterpillar received an NPV‐treated or distilled water‐treated 5 mm diameter leaf disk (or artificial diet disk) of the same type they had been reared on following the methods of Li and Otvos, Raymond et al . and Wan et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity of an insect herbivore to an entomovirus is affected by different host plants

Wang

Zhang

Siemann

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND Interactions between herbivorous insects and entomoviruses may depend on host plant, perhaps mediated through changes in herbivore innate immunity. RESULTS Caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) fed Glycine max had high viral loads and low melanization rates together with low melanization enzyme [PO, DDC, TH] activities and gene expressions. Caterpillars fed Ipomoea aquatica had low viral loads and high melanization, gene activities and gene expressions while those fed Brassica oleracea or artificial diet had intermediate levels of each. Melanization rates were negatively correlated with viral loads and positively correlated with activity and expression of each of the three enzymes. Some diet effects on enzymes were constitutive because the same diets led to low (G. max) or high (I. aquatica) melanization related gene activities and expressions without infection. CONCLUSION Diet influences the interactions between insect herbivores and viruses by shaping the innate immune response both at the onset of infection and afterwards as viral loads accumulate over a period of days. In addition, diets that lead to low viral loads are associated with high activities and gene expressions of a variety of melanization related enzymes suggesting a common causative mechanism. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunity of an insect herbivore to an entomovirus is affected by different host plants

Wang

Zhang

Siemann

et al. 2019

Pest Management Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This suggested that more female larvae and/or pupae than males had died after larvae were treated by the virus. In a previous study, Li and Otvos (1999) found that female larvae of C. occidentalis were more susceptible to NPV than males. The alteration of sex ratio in favor of males has also been reported for other species by different researchers (Vargas-Osuna and Santiago-Alvarez 1988, Scheepens and Wysoki 1989, Duan and Otvos 2001.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Virulence of a Nucleopolyhedrovirus to <I>Neodiprion abietis</I> (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

Li¹

2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Different larval stages of balsam fir sawfly, Neodiprion abietis (Harris) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), were challenged by different concentrations of a nucleopolyhedrovirus in the laboratory to determine larval susceptibility to the virus and to test treatment effects of the virus on the sawfly survivors. The results indicated that younger larvae were more susceptible to the virus than older instars. The speed of larval death depended on the larval age and the virus concentration. Generally, the virus killed second or third instars in approximately 5 d and fourth or fifth instars in 10-12 d at concentrations of 10(7) polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIB) /ml. The virus had profound treatment effects on sawfly survivors. Feeding activity of the survivors was reduced by > 40% compared with that of the control group, pupal weight by approximately 25%, and adult emergence by > 30%. There was also a higher percentage of male adults in the virus-treated groups than in the control.

show abstract

“…Apart from protandry, enormous empirical studies have shown that male and female progeny in various species of arthropods (Li & Otvos 1999; Mahjoub et al . 2011), and undoubtedly other animal taxa (Coulson 1960; Mulvihill et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, early male emergence increases males mating opportunities (Bukowski & Avilés 2002). Apart from protandry, enormous empirical studies have shown that male and female progeny in various species of arthropods (Li & Otvos 1999;Mahjoub et al 2011), and undoubtedly other animal taxa (Coulson 1960;Mulvihill et al 1992;Fitze & Le Gillard 2008), suffer differently from environmental mortal agents such as natural enemies (Davis & Rendon-Salinas 2010;Mahjoub et al 2011), winter cold (Roth & Reinhardt 2003, changes in temperature (Goth & Booth 2004), habitat loss (Danks & Corbet 1973;Lounibos & Escher 2008), and food shortage (Hipkiss et al 2002). For example, populations of the tree-hole mosquitoes, Aedes triseriatus, A. sierrensis, and A. geniculatus in the southern USA have shown a significant male bias in some years.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

When to estimate sex ratio in natural populations of insects? A study on sex ratio variations of gall midges within a generation

Tabadkani

Ashouri

Rahimi

et al. 2012

Entomological Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Precise estimation of arthropods' sex ratio is an important issue in a wide range of ecological studies and biological control programs. Although, in many cases changes in arthropods' sex ratio may be under the control of parents or some symbiotic microorganisms, biased sex ratios in some other species are caused by some extrinsic factors, neglect of which may lead to under/overestimation of true sex ratio. In this paper, we pursued those factors that cause false estimation of sex ratio in insects' species. We studied the predatory gall midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza Rondani (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), an important biological control agent of aphids, that shows protandry (i.e. early male emergence), differential lifespan of sexes, and differential distribution of sexes across habitat. Ten populations of A. aphidimyza were released separately in transparent cages and their sex ratio variations were recorded every 12 hours. The primary sex ratio in this species seems to be slightly male‐biased (52.41% males), however early emergence of males biases the sex ratio up to 72% males in a few hours after emergence. Shortly after the emergence of females, the sex ratio reaches its primary situation, but as a result of male‐biased mortality after mating, the proportion of females increases gradually to 97% by the fourth and fifth days after emergence. These results explicitly suggest that direct estimation of sex ratio in natural populations may be affected by some secondary factors such as differential mortality of sexes, protandry, and differential distribution of males and females over time and/or across habitat.

show abstract

DIFFERENTIAL MORTALITY BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) LARVAE EXPOSED TO A BACULOVIRUS WITH OR WITHOUT OPTICAL BRIGHTENERS

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Immunity of an insect herbivore to an entomovirus is affected by different host plants

Immunity of an insect herbivore to an entomovirus is affected by different host plants

Virulence of a Nucleopolyhedrovirus to <I>Neodiprion abietis</I> (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae)

When to estimate sex ratio in natural populations of insects? A study on sex ratio variations of gall midges within a generation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About